^LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

# ; 

7 f [SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.] 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.^ 



■",- 



AN 

EPITOME OF PHRENOLOGY 

AND 

TEMPERAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY; 

(containing several new features,) 

DELINEATING THE 
CHARACTER, TALENTS, DISPOSITION AND NATURAL ABILITY 

Of 

As given by , 

On the day of A. D. 18 



DESIGNED TO AID PERSONS IN SELECTING OCCUPATIONS, EMPLOYEES, 

PARTNERS IN BUSINESS, TEACHERS, ETC., 

AND TO CHOOSE SUCH 

IfSBAOS AM® WIYIS 

As will render life's journey prosperous and happy, and confer the highest 
endowment on their offspring. 

BY 

DR. J. GILLIS BUCKLY, 

Lecturer on Physiology, and for fifteen years a Practical 
Phrenologist. 

"No man sver made an ill figure who understood his own talenta* 
nor a good one who mistook theni."— Dkajc Swift, 



CINCINNATI: X^ 

PHIXTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND FOR SALE BY 

LONGLEY BROTHERS, PHONETIC AND GENERAL PUBLISHERS, 
168 Vine Street, above Fourth. 
7 1857. 



3F 



I ^ 



.: - 



tbitaftnn* 



TO W. BYRD POWELL, M. D., 

Formerly Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of Louisiana; 

Honorary member of the Societe Franchise Statistique Universelle 

de Paris, France ; Professor of Cerebral Physiology 

in the Eclectic Medical Institute at 

Cincinnati, Ohio, 

&c, &c, 

In admiration for his high attainments, — close investigation — exten- 
sive research — earnest devotion to Science, and untiring zeal ; and for the 
fearless expression of his bold and original thoughts, which have 
placed him among the first of the Nation's Thinkers, 

This work is respectfully and affectionately 
Inscribed by the 

Author. 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1857, 

BY DR. J, &ILLIS BTJCKLY, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the 

Southern District of Ohio. 



PREFATORY KEY TO THIS CHART. 



This book differs from other Phrenological works now before 
the public, and combines the excellencies of several. The 
table of Tape-measurement has been made from actual meas- 
urements, and will be found very useful. It was suggested by 
F. Coombs. 

Cubic Measure is very troublesome, yet it is the best mode 
of ascertaining the amount and kind of natural ability ever at- 
tempted, as it gives the cubic inches of the head, and of each 
region. But it takes so many nice mathematical calculations, 
and so much time, that the Phrenologist can not mark a chart 
for the usual fee; and people are so blind that they often pre- 
fer an inferior article for its low price, and this has prevented 
the universal adoption of cubic measurement. 

The Phrenometer gives the absolute size of each organ, but 
like cubic measurement requires time, and costs more, hence 
but few Phrenologians have adopted it. The average size of 
each organ is given in the tables of measurements, and by com- 
paring the measurement of your own head with the various 
tables in the work, you can see whether you are above, or below 
the average of mankind in any organ, or region of the head. 

A chart of this kind is worth far more than those given in 
the usual method, as it cuts off all possibility of phrenological 
flattery, and presents the person examined with a true picture 
of his, or her natural abilities, and candidly shows each one his 
true sphere in life. 

The new views of Temperament, and of Marriage Compati- 
bility, founded on them, and Vital Tenacity, are but briefly 
presented in this work; yet enough is said to answer the pur- 
poses of a chart. They are fully treated of in " The Natural 



4 PREFATORY KEY. 

History of Human Temperaments," by Dr. Powell, who is the 
author of these new views. 

A brief analysis of the faculties of the mind — a few new 
ones named — the result of a few combinations under each organ 
— the means of cultivation and restraint briefly explained — 
and the kind of occupation, profession, and companions suited 
to various organizations pointed out, close the work. 

The figures used in this chart denote the strength of the 
temperament, size of the head, and of each organ , the amount 
of education, excitability, vital tenacity, etc., etc. 

There are three sizes described in the chart: small, average, 
and large. But figures, in marking heads, delineate seven 
grades of power. 

1, Signifies very small, — almost idiotic, no influence. 

2, Small, but little influence in forming character. 

3, Moderate, considerable controlling influence. 

4, Average, has a fair or average control over other organs. 

5, Full, exerts much control in forming and directing char- 
acter. 

6, Large, has great controlling influence, and may be per- 
verted. 

7, Very large, has an almost unlimited control over organs, 
and may run into excess or insanity. 

The sign -f- (plus) placed before a figure means about one- 
third larger than the figure indicates, the sign — (minus) less; 
the * (star) that the organ is active. The half moon ^ over 
an organ means, cultivate the faculty; the same sign inverted 
s-/ restrain the faculty, or direct and govern it. 



INTRODUCTION. 

THE AUTHOR'S EXPERIENCE AS A LECTURER. 
PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIOGNOMY, PHRENOLOGY. 

In the year 1837, while I was living in Dayton, 0., a travel- 
ing lecturer on Phrenology, by the name of Burhance, came 
to that city, and delivered a course of lectures on, and gave in- 
structions in that science He was a fine delineator of charac- 
ter, and met with great success; but there was much opposition 
to Phrenology, from many in whose judgments I had great 
confidence, and I knew not whether to believe in the science 
or not. But I at last concluded to purchase books and inves- 
tigate for myself, and decide according to my judgment and 
conscience. 

I was soon met with the assertion, that Physiology had a 
department which explained mental differences in men, by re- 
ferring everything in mentality, and constitution to Temperament, 
which is said to be known by certain signs, such as color of the 
eyes, and hair, the complexion, etc. These signs, however, 
would not apply to the colored races. And besides, after say- 
ing that temperament is a condition of health, they describe 
the various temperaments as conditions of disease. " The 
nervous temperament," says Combe, " has paleness of counte- 
nance, and often delicate health." Dunglison says, u It is 
morbid and secondary, being induced by sedentary life, * * * 
or morbid excitement from any cause." The lymphatic is de- 
scribed by all as giving a slow circulation, weakness, and lan- 
guid actions, with a dull, stupid mind. These are not signs of 
health. 

These difficulties were very perplexing, and in a very short 



6 INTRODUCTION. 

time I found that practically the temperaments were disregard- 
ed by most Phrenologists ; for in no two of the six or seven 
charts I have from different Phrenologists, were these " modi- 
fying conditions" marked alike; while there was a very strik- 
ing similarity in the marking of the phrenological organs. 

I was recommended by many friends to study the expression 
of the features, — eyes, — nose, — hair, — lips, — chin, — skin, etc., 
as they were said to be signs of character on which I might 
rely with more confidence than upon humps of the head. But 
I soon found persons who could banish every sign of emotion 
from the countenance, and even substitute one appearance for 
another. I found talented men, moral men, vicious men, 
sober men, and drunken men, with large noses, black hair and 
eyes, or light hair and eyes, — with dark and light complexions 
— in fine, I found all these signs in each class of persons, so 
that I abandoned Physiognomy altogether. 

I felt much amused with the idea that I could rely more on 
the features than on the configuration of the head, although the 
features change with every emotion and can be made to assume 
any appearance you may wish to employ for either criminal or 
"innocent" deception, while the shape of the head is unchang- 
able, and to me the most reliable index to character we have. 

The character may be learned by studying those signs indel- 
libly written on the outer man by the action of the inner, and 
these signs are written on all parts of the body. But the 
mind pencils its handwriting on the head more enduringly, 
and accurately than she does elsewhere. 

Phbenologians, to avoid all other systems of reading char- 
acter, have run into the opposite extreme, and attributed every 
mental phenomenon to the developments of the head. They 
have discovered the locations of the organs of several of the 
mental faculties, and given a better classification of them than 
the world had yet received. They have also given a beauti- 
fully expressive nomenclature, and in other respects simplified 
the study of mental philosophy. 



INTRODUCTION. 7 

Every student of Phrenology sees that, if true, it will ha 
a guide to Statesmen aDd Philosophers, — remodel many of our 
opinions with respect to War, Slavery, Gallows, Prison Disci- 
pline, Education, Woman's Needs and many other of the 
existing Keforms of the day; and hence almost every stodent 
is enraptured with the usefulness to be derived from a knowl- 
edge of Phrenology. 

The science, however, had, and still has, opponents, who may 
be divided into seven classes: 

1. Those whose preconceived opinions or theories, whether 
political, religious or scientific, are demolished by it. 

2. Those who oppose every new discovery because it is new, 
and sustain the old because it is old, however absurd, or super- 
stitious. 

3. Those who have embraced Phrenology because they 
fancy it makes them great men, and afterward find some de- 
velopment or modifying condition that reverses their opinion ! 

4. Those who cannot distinguish between a real, and an 
apparent discrepancy in the science. 

5. Those who embrace nothing till it is fashionable! 

6. Those who wish to establish a new theory of reading 
character of their own, and fancy that as long as a vestige of 
Phrenology remains they cannot claim "originality." 

7. Those who speak and write against Phrenology to bur- 
lesque, tantalize or injure some Professor of the science, or who 
write and speak pungently against it for money or fame. 

Some of the last two classes have studied and lectured on 
Phrenology, but meeting with difficulties and apparent contra- 
dictions, they have abandoned the science as false and become 
its opposers, or commenced building up a new system of their 
own; and having once conceived the idea of a "new, and origi- 
nal" science of mind, visions of immortal renown dance before 
them, and they begin to hunt for new facts, or to torture every 
already discovered one into a witness for their own theory, and 
compel it to give evidence against the renowned Gall and his 



8 INTRODUCTION. 

immortal discovery — Phrenology — and the discoveries of his 
distinguished followers. They do this that they may have the 
greater appearance of " originality," in their " Anthropology," 
or "new system of Physiognomy!" 

After considerable reading in Phrenological works, I com- 
menced my observations on living heads, and was soon thor- 
oughly convinced that Phrenology had a sure foundation. I 
soon found a head in which Caution was small, and Combative- 
ness, Destructiveness, and the Intellect quite well developed,—' 
yet he appeared beyond doubt a real coward. I was much 
perplexed and feared Phrenology was too imperfect to be a 
safe guide. 

Similar facts have staggered many because they can not give 
a fair, and philosophical explanation of the facts, — and some 
have abandoned the science without further investigation. But 
I found too many well attested truths to give up so easy for 
one discrepancy, however palpable, and in a short time I ob- 
served that this coward was & fighter — that he had been known 
to rush into the streets and seize a kicking horse when others 
fled,— and that he was a coward only when about to meet 
strangers or dogs. It was the result of a fright when he was 
very young, from a strange man with a large, fierce dog. His 
cowardice is, therefore, the result of a psychological impression 
left on his mind from this fright, and the case sustains rather 
than militates against Phrenology. 

I have seen many cases that seemed to speak against the 
science, which, when understood, were strong witnesses in its 
favor. But there are instances that admit of no such explana- 
tion, and among these I will cite the organs of Imitation and 
Marvellousness, as located by Grail, Spurzheim, and Combe. 
I frequently missed the characters of persons on these two or- 
gans, and was about to give up in despair when I found that 
Mr. Fowler located them very differently. By following his 
locations I made fewer mistakes; but, as he located them across 
two or more convolutions I was not satisfied — it looked unrea- 
• onable to me. 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

One evening in 1848 I examined two heads publicly, and was 
struck with the strange appearance of them in the region of 
Marvellousness (as Fowler locates it) — one having the upper 
part large but the lower part small, and the other being exact- 
ly the reverse. By closely questioning these gentlemen I 
found that he who had the upper part small was a confirmed 
Bkeptic on religion, revelation, etc., but fond of the strange, 
mysterious, etc.; hence I call the lower part Wonder, and the 
upper part Faith; and all my observations since that time 
have confirmed me in this opinion — especially on Wonder. 

In 1850 I found a young lad who was a partial idiot, but he 
could mimic character to perfection, and could instinctively 
perceive character better than any one 1 have ever seen. The 
top part of Imitation (as located by Fowler) was very large, 
(the front of Imitation as located by Gall,) while the lower part 
of the organ (as located by Fowler, and the front of Marvel- 
lousness as located by Gall) was very deficient. His mother 
had the same part of the head large and was a good mimic. 
But in another family I v shortly after found the reverse condi- 
tion, which was accompanied by great ability to copy, imitate, 
pattern after, re-produce, but deficient in the power to mimic. 

This led me to believe there were two organs — Mimicry and 
Imitation, and hundreds of observations confirm both; and the 
history .of the discovery of Imitation also confirms it, because 
Dr. Gall discovered this organ on actors whose power of mim- 
icry was a leading trait of character. 

I have never made a striking hit on Sublimity, often finding 
it large where the emotion is wanting, and small where the 
faculty is remarkable. Some of the best police officers and 
sheriffs have it large, and I was inclined to call it Cunning, 
but after becoming acquainted with Dr. Powell I adopted his 
view, viz: that the organ commonly called Sublimity, detects 
the intentions, or motives of a person, and gives rise to suspi- 
ciousness, and jealousy. He calls it Watchfulness; but I 
would prefer Suspiciousness. 



10 INTRODUCTION. 

la 1848 I had become much perplexed about the social or 
societary organs. Many persons who have the posterior organs 
large are unsocial, and never go into society, while others have 
this region small, and are very fond of society, and will go into 
it although they have to leave wife and children to gratify 
their strong desires. 

About September, 1849 I held a debate on Phrenology, with 
Dr. 0. C. Evans, of Piqua, who opposed the science, and ad- 
vocated what he termed his "Mental, Spherical, Physical Phi- 
losophy!" He divided the brain into zones and hemispheres, 
and each zone in a particular hemisphere indicated a specific 
character. 

He located Sociability over Comparison, Causality, Human 
Nature, Sauvity and Benevolence, as marked by Fowler, and 
called the occiput the seat of Selfishness. I soon became sat- 
isfied that he was nearly right respecting Sociability, but wrong 
with respect to the occiput, which certainly contains the Do- 
mestic organs. And I have since satisfied myself that his 
zones are signs of temperaments, and that each temperament 
is indicative of a general character, in the description of which 
he was very skillful. 

In 1853 I met an old friend, R. Degranza Pease, M. D., in 
Brookville, Indiana. He had formerly been a Phrenologist, 
but had turned against it, and had got up a new and "original" 
system of Physiognomy, built on an equally new and "original" 
system of Temperaments. But he was so fearful of having 
his "original" system stolen, that he would give no clue to it 
whatever! ? 

One objection urged by Dr. Pease is, that a small head is 
often more efficient than a large one, and he was unfair enough 
to deny the right to say "other things being equal." He ridi- 
culed the definitions of the faculties given by Phrenologists, 
yet refused to give one of his own! He burlesqued the phre- 
nological notion of Self-esteem, and affirmed that one man has 
self-respect, another self-confidence, another self-esteem, &c, 



INTRODUCTION. 1 1 

and denied that one faculty can manifest all these powers. He 
made similar objections to other organs, but gave no substitute! 

He claims, as far as I can understand his sly explanations, 
that each faculty has a tendency to produce a temperament of 
its own — that the immortal spirit is the forming principle, and 
moulds the outer man — and that the strongest mental power 
stamps the leading appearances on each person — thus forming 
a distinct temperament of its own, — and that this temperament 
is a sign of the mental quality that produced it. He also con- 
tended that the head and body correspond to each other in shape, 
or nearly so, hence each general configuration of the head pro- 
duces a distinct general character, and that the combination of 
these temperaments produces the specific traits of character 
found in each individual. 

This is the most adroit specimen of sophistry I have ever 
seen. I believe the spirit moulds the outer man,— that each 
distinct trait of character gives an external sign, that the strong- 
est faculty gives the most prominent external sign — and these 
signs being on the head I call them Organs — he calls them 
Temperaments. These organs or temperaments are signs of 
character, and they modify each other. Hence the difference 
between him and Phrenology can not be pointed out. 

In 1855 Dr. Pease and I met again, and debated the truth- 
fulness of Phrenology. I knew his non-committal disposition, 
and had been making observations on his system for eighteen 
months, as far as I understood it; and I watched every word 
that would reveal his system of Temperaments. He was a good 
delineator of character; and I was very anxious to get all the 
truth I could from Dr. Pease, or any one else. But I was dis- 
appointed. He opposed Phrenology — talked glibly about his 
system of Temperaments, but concealed it from every one; and 
gave no substitute for what he so violently opposed. 

In this debate he exhibited numerous portraits, and in his 
comments he would remark: "In this kind of head (Luther's) 
Phrenology gives us a gross, animal savage, — tyrannical, re- 



12 INTRODUCTION. 

vengeful, and lustful dispostion — but every Christian knows 
how good a man Martin Luther was, and how much we owe to 
his goodness. He was firm, mild, patient, and brave." 

This appeal to the religious prejudices of the people in de- 
ciding a purely scientific question was very unfair, and both 
provoked, and disgusted roe. The truth is, Luther's natural 
disposition was savage, tyrannical, and revengeful, but he gov- 
erned it by an iron will. True, he was firm to stubbornness, 
but his bravery was recklessnes rather than that noble courage 
manifested by Washington. 

In referring to the portrait of Kossuth he said: " Here is a 
small head, and Phrenology would give him but little talent or 
influence, and yet Kossuth was a man of gigantic talents, and 
a boundless influence. By my theory of Temperament, both 
Kossuth and Luther get justice, but by Phrenology rightly in- 
terpreted, both are wronged." 

I reply: Kossuth is not great in every sense of that word. 
As a General, he is inferior to Cromwell, and a mere pigmy by 
the side of Bonaparte, Scott, or Washington. He is a man of 
facts, with great language, a vivid imagination, and an ardent 
temperament that makes him the orator — gives him power to 
play upon the feelings of his audience — lash them into a 
phrenzy and carry them by storm. But this influence is not as 
lasting as that of Gall, or of Washington, hence Phrenology 
does not fail in these cases, as reported by Dr. Pease. 

Dr. Evans says that a round head is the true standard for 
greatness — one in which all the zones and both hemispheres 
are strongly marked, giving health and universal talent. But 
0. S. Fowler gives a high, narrow, long head as a model for 
excellence, intelligence, goodness, sociability, &c, and an ab- 
sence of grossness, licentiousness, and animosity. And Dr. 
Pease contends that a small head may contain as much talent 
as a large one, and is as indicative of greatness. The fact that 
Dr. Evans has a round head, — O. S. Fowler a high, narrow 
head, and Dr. Pease, a small, dense, compact one, may account 






INTRODUCTION. 13 

not only for these differences of opinion, but for the new and 
"original" theories of Drs. Pease and Evans! Not that I think 
these men dishonest, but because I know that a man may be 
psychologized by his own thoughts till he will honestly con- 
tend for what others may know is a palpable error, a sophistry, 
or a delusion. 

Early in the spring of 1856 I attended a number of lectures 
on the Human Temperaments, by Prof. W. B. Powell, and took 
extensive phonographic (shorthand) notes of them. I had been 
led to expect something rich and original from the perusal of a 
correspondence between Prof. Powell, and Prof. Caldwell, pub- 
lished several years ago, in which Prof. Caldwell charged Prof. 
Powell with pretending to be able to tell the temperament, and 
if a white person, the color of the hair and eyes, by the bare 
skull. And from Prof. Powell's reply, I became satisfied that 
it was possible, and very probable that he could do so. But I 
was not prepared for the bold, original thoughts, full of such 
deep, absorbing interest as I heard in those lectures. 

Dr. Powell showed conclusively to my mind, that tempera- 
ments can be ascertained with absolute certainty from the skull 
alone. But in the white race, the hair, eyes, nose, lips, skin, 
limbs, &c, may be important helps in studying them. He also 
taught that each temperament produces a general character, 
and peculiar constitution which is varied by their combinations. 
He gives four, Sanguine, Bilious, Lymphatic, and Encephalic. 

He has also made other valuable discoveries founded on his 
views o£ the temperaments. One is, that certain temperaments 
can endure without apparent injury, medicine that will speedi- 
ly destroy those of other temperaments — a discovery of great 
importance to the practising physicians of every school, and 
one which he claims to have tested by numerous experiments 
while practising medicine. 

Another is, that certain temperaments cannot become united 
with each other in marriage without disastrous consequences to 
offspring — a discovery which (if true) will immortalize his 



14 INTRODUCTION. 

name and confer more blessings on the race than any other 
made in the last twelve centuries, if not the greatest ever dis- 
covered by man, because it affects every human being for good 
or evil throughout all coming time. 

As soon as I came in possession of his theory of temperaments 
and marriage compatibility, I commenced investigations to 
jprove or disprove it. I visited large families — examined the 
temperaments of the parents — ascertained the number of chil- 
dren they had — how many were dead — at what age, and of what 
form of disease they died — the age they were married — the 
sex of their children, and other important matters, and I am 
well satisfied that Dr. Powell has made many valuable discov- 
eries in addition to those of the temperaments. And my in- 
vestigations have led me to believe that cousins may marry 
with impunity where they are temperamentally compatible, 
and all incompatible marriages, whether relatives or not, prove 
disastrous to offspring. 

Prof. Powell has kindly granted me the liberty of publishing 
a condensed view of my phonographic notes of his lectures, to 
which I will add my own investigations made since that time. 
But as these are comparatively limited, I advise every one who 
reads this little work, to purchase of Derby & Co., "The Nat- 
ural History of the Human Temperaments," by W. Byrd Pow- 
ell, M. D., price $1,50 cts., which gives an extensive discus- 
sion of the temperaments — a history of several persons whose 
characters illustrate the disposition given by the temperaments, 
marriage compatibility — vital tenacity and the protection of so- 
ciety against crime, &c, &c. The book is extensively illus- 
trated with cuts of all the temperaments and their combina- 
tioos, as well as of incompatible marriages. 

But while Dr. Powell was investigating the human tempera- 
ments, he did not neglect Phrenology. He claims to have 
discovered several new organs, and their faculties, among 
which are Muscular Motion and Animal Sensibility, (in the 
Cerebellum) Gregariousness, Parentiveness, (called by the 



INTRODUCTION. 15 

Fowlers, Union for Life,) Kesentfulness, Watchfulness, (for- 
merly called Sublimity) Harmony (above Tune, which he calls 
Melody,) Analogy, Suggestion, and Inquisitiveness. He re- 
names Mirth and calls it Method, and says it appropriates the 
labors of the superior faculties, and gives system, arrangement, 
and method. Veneration he calls Submissiveness. He adopts 
Hydrativeness, the love of fluids, in front of Alimentiveness, 
and Pneumativeness, the desire for an abundance of air, lo- 
cated below Alimentiveness. 

I have spent as much time as possible in investigating the 
claims of these organs, but I am not fully satisfied that all of 
them are correct, but I have seen many proofs in favor of Mus- 
cular Motion and Animal Sensibility, and one strong proof of 
the truth of Pneumativeness — one in favor of Hydrativeness — 
yet none against the last two named. I have seen several ex- 
cellent proofs that the organ in front of Caution should be 
called Watchfulness, or as I prefer, Suspiciousness. I have 
seen several cases that sustain Prof. Powell's notion of Kesent- 
fulness — a few that sustain Inquisitiveness and Suggestiveness, 
and abundance to sustain Analogy, but none to justify chang- 
ing Mirth to Method. Neither am I perfectly satisfied to call 
Veneration Submissiveness, although I am strongly inclined 
to believe that the front part may be an organ whose faculty 
makes us submissive — yield to what seems a fate — "bow to the 
will of God" — bear losses easily — gives homage for truth, and 
respect for age and worth — while the back gives an inclina- 
tion to look up to superiors, ask them for favors — hold them 
in awe, and venerate them — ask for their blessing, and protec- 
tion. It may lead with other faculties, and religious training, 
to Prayer, Devotion, Worship. 

I shall adopt the organs Dr. Powell claims to have discover- 
ed, not because I am fully satisfied with their correctness; but 
when marking charts in which they are named and defined, 
I can ascertain their true function better than though they were 
not named. At the same time I shall investigate the claims of 



16 INTRODUCTION. 

Mr. Fowler on the organs of Human Nature, Sauvity, Sublim- 
ity, and his location of Imitation and Marvellousness, in the 
last of which I already believe. I will also investigate the 
claims of J. R. Buchanan, who like Drs. Pease and Evans has 
a new and "original" system of Phrenology, in which he re- 
names and re-locates all the old organs, and adds a large num- 
ber to the list. I have already given it considerable attention, 
but have never seen a single instance favoring his location of 
Eeverence, Modesty, Sublimity, Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, 
or Fear. On the contrary I have seen persons having Buchan- 
an's locations for these organs large without the accompanying 
characters. But I have seen many striking examples in favor 
of his locations of Sociability, Pliability, Foresight, Sagacity, 
Judgment, Region of Energy, &c, &c, but I think that Sub- 
limity, Human Nature, Suavity, Pliability, Foresight, Sagacity, 
Judgment, and perhaps a few others result from combinations 
of faculties, and as the only way I have of deciding this matter 
is by experiment, I shall embrace every opportunity to test dis- 
puted points. 

Prof. Buchanan believes in organs, the natural tendency of 
which is to produce evil. I think that all evil results from the 
perversion of the different faculties — that perversion comes 
from misdirection growing out of ignorance, which is the first 
thing to be removed to make the world do right. I can not 
believe, at present, in the existence of faculties the natural ten- 
dency of which is to produce Disease, Insanity, Suicide, Felony, 
Desperation, Turbulence, Hatred, Profligacy, Childishness, Mel- 
ancholy, or Feebleness. 

I think that the theories of Drs. Buchanan, Evans and Pease, 
and perhaps some of Dr. Powell's newly discovered organs need 
thorough investigation, not to prove their correctness, or in- 
correctness, but to establish truth. And to do this we must lay 
aside books and go to nature — to living examples, and by ob- 
servations the most careful and critical, bring on well authen- 
ticated facts to belong to him whose theory proves in accordance 
with them, without reference to any favorites we may have.. 



INTRODUCTION. 17 

I will call attention to the rules forjudging of Character by 
hand-writing, of which Dr. Powell has given some new ones. 
His opinions on the mode of determining the probable length 
of life, are worthy of the attention of every person, and may 
he found in his work on the Temperaments expressed at length. 
His mode of judging of religious ancestry by Phrenological 
examination, is curious, and to the thoughtful person it is also 
very instructive, as it shows the great influence that even the 
parent's very thoughts have in moulding the destiny of off- 
spring, and in deciding its present, and perhaps its eternal 
destiny. 

But the most difficult branch of Phrenology is the classifi- 
cation of the Mental Faculties. Many have tried, and in my 
opinion, signally failed — and I may be another in the list of 
failures; but I must try, and as I desire to be fair, I will pre- 
sent the classifications of others, and give the reader some of 
my objections to them, and conclude with my own classifica- 
tion and my reasons for adopting it. I hope to be able to aid 
in giving the world a correct system of Mental Philosophy that 
will be a promoter of Temperance, a handmaid of Religion, a guide 
to Teachers and Statesmen, and a Key- stone in the arch of the 
Sciences. 

Mr. Combe adopts this classification from Dr. Spurzheim. 
But I do not like it. It classifies Constructiveness as a pro- 
pensity, but calls Imitation a sentiment. Yet they are evi- 
dently alike in their primitive function. Dr. Spurzheim says: 
" Propensity is applied to indicate an internal impulse which 
invites to a certain action." A sentiment he defines, I think, as 
'* a propensity with an emotion superadded." This would 
make Imitation, Ideality, Hope, and Approbation all propensi- 
ties. See Combe's Phrenology. 

I would sub-divide both the propensities and sentiments. 
The perceptive group should be divided into four families, one 
of which (the external senses) is not mentioned in the following 
table. Individuality observes things, and Form, Size, Weight 



18 



INTRODUCTION. 



and Color perceive qualities, while all the other perceptives 
(except the five senses) perceive the relations of external ob- 
jects, of events, dates, sounds and words. 

COMBE'S CLASSIFICATION OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES. 



Affective Faculties. 

I. Propensities. 

1. Amativeness. 

2. Philoprogenitiveness. 

3. Adhesiveness. 

4. Concentrativeness. 

5. Combativeness. 

6. Destructiveness. 
f. Alimentiveness. 

7. Secretiveness. 

8. Acquisitiveness. 

9. Constructiveness. 



Aff. Faculties. — Continued. 

19. Ideality. 

? Sublimity. 

20. Mirthfulness. 

21. Imitation. 

Intellectual Faculties. 
I. Perceptive. 

22. Individuality. 

23. Form. 

24. Size. 

25. Weight. 

26. Coloring. 

27. Locality. 

28. Number. 
Order. 

Eventuality. 
Time. 
Tune. 
Language. 



29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 



II. Reflective. 
Comparison. 
Causality. 



34. 
35. 
S. C. Loomis I find Self-Es- 



II. Sentiments, 

10. Self-Esteem. 

11. Approbativeness. 

12. Cautiousness. 

13. Benevolence. 

14. Veneration. 

15. Firmness. 

16. Conscientiousness. 

17. Hope. 

18. Wonder. 
In a chart published by Mrs. 

teem, Caution and Approbation in the list of propensities, but 
Imitation, Ideality, Sublimity and Mirth among the Moral 
Sentiments. But as Imitation is not confined to the imitation 
of moral actions, I can see no good reason for calling it a moral 
sentiment. And as Mirth is as likely to lead to immoral as to 
moral conduct, it seems to be in the wrong class also. 

This is a difficult subject, and will in all probability never 
be settled till all the organs are discovered, their functions 
demonstrated, and a definition of the words faculty, sentiment, 
propensity, etc., agreed upon. But we can approach nearer 



than the above. 



The following is something better. 



INTRODUCTION. 



19 



DR. COLLYER'S CLASSIFICATION OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES. 



Order I. Affective Faculties. 
Genus I. Propensities. 
Species 1st. Domestic. 
Amativeness, 
Philoprogenitiveness, 
Concentrativeness, 
Adhesiveness. 

Species 2d. Preservative Facul- 
ties. 
Combativeness, 
Destructiveness, 
Alimentiveness. 

Species 3d. Selfish Propensities. 
Secretiveness, 
Acquisitiveness. 

Genus II. Sentiments. 
Species 1st. Begidating^jSenti- 
ments. 
Self-Esteem, 
Love of Approbation, 
CautioD, 
Firmness. 



Species 3d. Moral Sentiments. 
Conscientiousness, 
Hope, 
Veneration, 
Benevolence. 

Order II. Intellectual Facul- 
ties. 
Genus I. Perceptive. 
Individuality, 
Form, 
Size, 
Weight, 
Color, 
Order, 
Number. 

Genus II. Retentive. 
Eventuality, 
Locality, 
Time, 

Proper Names, 
Language. 



Genus III. Reasoning or Reflec- 
tive Faculties. 

Comparison, 

Causality. 



Species 2d. Operative and Ima- 
ginative. 

Ideality, 

"Wonder, 

Humor, (wit) 

Tune, 

Imitation, 

Constructiveness. 
If I understand the function of Concentrativeness, it belongs 
with the Doctor's Regulating Faculties. If Tune operates t 
Language does also, and should be put among the Doctor's 
Operative Faculties. And if Language retains words, Tuuq 
retains Tones or Sounds ; hence I do not see why they should 
be in different families. And as Imitation and Constructive- 
ness are the only purely operative faculties in this species, I am 
astonished that he should give them so much company ! If 
Tune, Wit or Wonder is imaginative, it is new to me ! Nor am 



20 



INTRODUCTION. 



I satisfied to put Alimentiveness into the Preservative Group 
and yet exclude Acquisitiveness. If Order perceives System, 
Locality perceives Locations ; I would therefore not separate 
them, but put Order among the retentive and call them Relative. 

FOWLER'S CLASSIFICATION OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Order II. 



Order I. Affective Faculties. 

Genus I. Propensities. 

Species 1st. Domestic. 

Amativeness, 

Philoprogenitiveness, 

Adhesiveness, 

Inhabitiveness, 

Concentrativeness, (Con- 
tinuity,) 
Species 2d. Selfish Propensities. 

Vitativeness, 

Combativeness, 

Destructiveness, 

Alimentiveness, 

Acquisitiveness, 

Secretiveness. 
Genus II. Human, Moral and 

Religious Sentiments. 

Species 1st. Selfish Sentiments. 

Caution, 

Self- Esteem, 

Approbativeness, 

Firmness. 
Species 2d. Moral and Religious 
Sentiments. 

Conscientiousness, 

Hope, 

Marvellousness, 

Veneration, 

Benevolence. 

Species 3d. Semi- Intellectual 
# Faculties. 

Constrnctiveness, 
Imitation, 
Ideality, 
Sublimity, 
Mirthfulness. 



Intellectual Facul- 
ties. 

Genus I. Perceptive Faculties. 
Species 1st. External Senses. 
Sensation, (Feeling,) 
Sight, 
Smell, 
Hearing, 
Taste. 

Species 2d. Observing or Know- 
ing Faculties. 
Individuality, 
Form, 
Sj#e, 
Weight, 
Color, 
Order, 
Calculation, 
Locality. 

Species Sd. Semi- Perceptive 
Faculties. 
Eventuality, 
Time, 
Tune, 
Language. 

Genus II. Reflective or Reason- 
ing Faculties. 

Causality, 
Comparison, 
Human Nature, 
Agreeableness. 



INTRODUCTION. 21 

The last two organs have been added since the pub- 
lication of Mr. Fowler's large work. But in later works he has 
classed them as Eeflective faculties uniformly. Mr. Fowler in 
a late work has made another classification. But as he allows 
this to remain in his large work, and as it is better, in my 
opinion, than his late work, in which he puts the Semi-Intel- 
lectual faculties among the Moral, I prefer to present this as 
the fairest classification ; in fact, it is the one which has been 
more extensively adopted than any other. But, to me it is 
objectionable. Continuity is not a Domestic Propensity. Mr. 
Fowler himself says : " It is in character ' sui-generis ' — a kind 
of Kegulator." Hence I would put it into the regulating group 
which he calls " Selfish Sentiments," because they terminate 
on self. But Firmness is no more selfish than Hope, which 
expects good for se7/and for others. Firmness gives stability — 
keeps one from yielding when he has decided on doing some- 
thing for self or for others. Caution will guard against danger 
for others as well as self. Nor will it be confined to family 
or friends ; it will frighten if a strange child is in danger as 
quickly as though it was our own, hence is not exclusively self- 
ish. Neither is Combativeness exclusively selfish. True it 
will defend self, but it will also defend others. 

Should it be said that Combativeness never acts except to 
gratify the other faculties which dictate to it, and that therefore 
it is selfish, I answer that the same is true of Benevolence, 
which acts that it may bestow happiness on its possessor by the 
very act of doing good. It bestows so much real enjoyment on 
its owner that it delights in benevolent acts, and is, of course, 
as selfish as Combativeness. But I do not like the word " self- 
ish," as a class name, because I think all faculties are selfish to 
a certain extent. 

I would not include Order, Locality, or Calculation in the 
observing group. I would class the Perceptive Faculties as a 
Genus, and then divide it into four species, viz : Species 1, 
External Senses. Species 2, Nominative. Species 3, Quali- 



22 INTRODUCTION. 

tative Perceptives, or faculties that perceive the qualities of 
things. Species 4, Kelative Perceptives, or organs that per- 
ceive the relations of Events, Dates, Localities, Tones, Order, 
and Unity or Plurality. 

In the Phrenological Guide, [written by L. N. Fowler,] page 
24, 1 find the following remark : " We believe that if any other 
classification shall finally be accepted, that of the Messrs. Fowl- 
er will be chosen as more convenient, though it needs modifica- 
tion." Here is an acknowledgment that it needs modification 
made by one of the Fowlers himself ; and as a correct classifica- 
tion will greatly aid in the study of Mental Philosophy, I shall 
attempt to present a new and better arrangement of the Mental 
Faculties. 

But perhaps I may be told that Phrenology is not yet an 
admitted science ; that many honest and scientific minds yet 
doubt its correctness, and question its title to the rank of a dis- 
tinct science, and that the very discrepancies that I have 
pointed out between different authors is proof positive it is not 
worthy of confidence. I will, therefore, proceed to reply to 
these objections, and present some of the proofs on which I rely 
for the truth of Phrenology before I give you my classification 
of the mental faculties. 

I admit with Dr. Johnson that " Every science has its diffi- 
culties." And I contend with Dr. Spurzheim that " One tact 
is to me more positive than a thousand metaphysical opinions." 
And I consider that Phrenology is emphatically a science of 
fact, and its life, or death depends upon careful, accurate observa- 
tion, and not upon the metaphysical speculations of fearful 
fogies, superstitious bigots, or jealous aspirants for fame ; nor 
upon the partial observation of beginners. 

I began my observation in 1837, as an amateur — examined 
hundreds of heads for the express purpose of studyirjg the 
science, and lectured upon it since 1844, within which time I 
have examined thousands of heads, and thousands have been 
astonished at the accuracy with which I have delineated the 



INTRODUCTION. 23 

character of perfect strangers — scores of times being accused of 
knowing persons whom I had never seen till that moment, and 
of whose names, occupations, etc., I had no knowledge, except 
what I gained by the examination. If Phrenology is not true, 
how was this done ? 

In all these investigations I have found the fundamental prin- 
ciples of Phrenology to be true without an exception. I have 
never seen a case of disease of the brain without a derangement 
of the mind. Natural idiots uniformly have small heads. 
Injuries done to the brain always affect the mind, causing a 
loss of a mental faculty where both hemispheres are cor- 
respondingly injured, while an injury on no other part of the 
body will cause the same result. Pressure on the brain sus- 
pends mental action, while an equal pressure on any other part 
fails to produce similar results. No case of a small brain con- 
nected with great talent % and great, lasting influence, has ever 
fallen under my observation ; yet very useful men — good 
scholars, teachers, lecturers, laborers, etc., may be found with 
medium size heads when the temperaments and other modi- 
fying conditions are good. But such cannot contend success- 
fully against opposition when that opposition is wielded by 
large brains, with other equally good conditions. 

"When the Phrenologist says the size of the brain or of an 
organ is the measure of its power, other things being equal, 
he refers to Temperament, Education, Health, Excitability, 
Societary influences, and should include Vital Tenacity, Vital 
Vigor, and equal opportunity in business or professional life ; 
and where these are equal no one ever saw a small head equal 
a large one. 

Yet this is Dr. Pease's strongest objection, but it amounts to 
absolutely nothing. As to the discrepancies among Phrenolo- 
gists about individual organs, I think that amounts to no argu- 
ment against the science, for we all confess that there are some 
organs whose functions are not yet settled. Gall was generally 
correct. But on Sublimity, Tune, Human Nature, Suavity, 



24 INTRODUCTION. 

Wit, Inquisitiveness, Concentrativeness, Vitativeness, Besent- 
fulness, Gregariousness, Parentiveness, Muscular Motion, Animal 
Sensibility, Submissiveness, Veneration, Sympathy, Mimicry, 
Wonder, Taste, Faith, Hydrativeness, and Pneumativeness — 
twenty-three organs in all — there is a discrepancy of opinion. 
Those in italic Dr. Powell claims to have discovered. Those 
in small caps are divisions of old organs by myself. Hydra- 
tiveness or Bivativeness is agreed to by Powell, Fowlers, and 
others. Pneumativeness is claimed by Grimes, and partly 
sanctioned by Powell. He contends that Sublimity should be 
called Watchfulness. Human Nature he names Analogy — 
Suavity he calls Suggestion, and Tune he calls Melody, and 
locates Harmony over it, in front of Ideality ; and I am inclined 
to believe that between Harmony and Ideality there is an organ 
that predisposes to Neatness. Mirth is re-named by Powell, 
who calls it Method, and just over Method, and outward from 
Suggestion, he claims an organ of Inquisitiveness. 

These are all explained in the body of the work, and I will 
now present you with a condensed view of 

THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PHRENOLOGY. 

I. The Brain is the physical organ, in which the mind 
resides, and through which it acts. 

Proofs — 1st. Disease in the brain deranges the mind. 2d. 
Pressure on the brain destroys consciousness. 3d. Idiots 
always have small brains. 4th. Giant intellects and large 
brains always go together. 5th. Injuries on the brain affect the 
mind, while injuries on any other part of the body do not thus 
affect the mind. 

II. " The mind consists of a plurality of independent facul- 
ties, each of which exercises a distinct class of functions." 

Proofs — " First. A plurality of mental powers would allow 
much greater variety and perfection of the mental operations 
than could be obtained by the mind's being a single power. 

" Second. If the mind were a single power, it could be doing 



INTRODUCTION. 25 

only one thing at the same time, but if it be a compound of 
several powers, each could be in simultaneous action. Our 
own consciousness assures us that we can attend to more than 
one thing- at a time — that we can be looking and thinking, 
walking aud talking, feeling and acting, etc., all simultaneously. 

" Third. Insane persons are often deranged upon a single sub- 
ject only, whilst they are sane upon every other. Now, 
were the mind a single power, and the brain a unity, sanity 
upon one subject, and insanity upon another, could not co-exist ; 
whereas, were it a plurality of powers, and the brain, of organs, 
a given organ, and with it its power, might be deranged, whilst 
the others remained in a healthy state, which coincides with 
facts." 

III. "TJie brain consists of as many different portions called 
organs, as the mind does of faculties'* 

Proof. — To suppose that the mind consists of a plurality of 
powers, and yet that power uses the whole brain in succession, 
is a palpable absurdity ; as seeing with the ears, or hearing 
with the eyes!! But each organ has its own office; the eye 
sees, the ear hears, the nose smells, etc. 

" If the brain be a unity, then the pathological or diseased 
condition of any portion of it must affect the brain as a whole, 
and prove injurious to the mind as a whole, affecting equally 
its every function and operation ; but in case the brain is an 
assemblage of parts or organs, it is plain that the injury of one 
o£ them will affect that particular class of mental functions 
which is exercised by it, and that only. Now this is the form 
which insanity generally assumes. This class of facts is of 
that positive, 'ad hominem, 1 conclusive character, which will 
at once establish or refute Phrenology, and the force of which 
no reflecting mind can gainsay or resist." 

17. u The faculties are possessed originally in different degrees of 
power by different individuals, and also by the same individual." 

Proof. — Now we know that one person has a talent for 
music, another for painting, another for poetry, and another for 
3 



26^ INTRODUCTION. 



mechanism ; while each is deficient in the other things. Another 
may have all these faculties combined, and be deficient in other 
things ; while still another may be deficient in these, and yet 
possess strong logical acumen. One person is a coward — another 
is not. One is amiable — another is combative, and so on to the 
endless diversity of talent and disposition, among the different 
members of the human family. 

V. tc Other conditions being equal, the size of the brain, and of 
each organ, is the measure of its power of function ;" and each 
faculty and organ can be increased at pleasure by exercise, and 
decreased by inaction. 

Proof. — Size is the measure of power every where. The 
larger the planet the more light it reflects ; the larger a bar of 
iron the stronger it is, (if the quality is the same ;) so of every 
thing else. The larger an organ or a head, the more power it 
possesses, etc. So, too, each organ can be improved by exer- 
cise, and made more active. 

" This principle of increase by exercise, and decrease by 
inaction, is familiar in its application to the hands of the laborer, 
sailor, etc., to the foot of the expert dancer and the pedestrian, 
to the breast of the rower, the right hand compared with the 
left, etc. And since the brain is governed by this same physio- 
logical law, why should not its effect be the same upon the 
organs of the brain ? It is for our opponents to show that this 
is not the case, especially since there are so many facts estab- 
lishing this point." 

This is the greatest beauty of Phrenology — in fact it is the 
ne plus ultra of the science — for if it is true that each faculty 
can be increased, and that size is the measure of power, " other 
things being equal," then it follows that any one who desires to 
have any faculty increased, can, by exercise, obtain what he 
desires ; for it is a well established physiological fact, that the 
exercise of any organ, or class of organs, increases the flow of 
blood to the part exercised ; and that this blood is freighted 
with matter which it deposits wherever it goes, in proportion 



INTRODUCTION. 



27 



to the amount flowing to the part — and that this deposit of 
blood causes an enlargement of the organs proportionate to the 
exercise of their respective faculties. Take these principles 
singly, or collectively, and scan their truthfulness, and you will 
be forced, nolens volens, to admit them. And if these are 
admitted, their deductions follow as a matter of course. 

For answer to objections against Phrenology, I refer the 
reader to Fowler's Phrenology Proved, Illustrated and Applied ; 
Combe's Phrenology, and Dr. Boardman's Defense of Phre- 
nology, for sale by Fowler & Wells, New York, and M. Bly, 
or Longley Brothers, Cincinnati, Ohio. 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES. 
By De. J. Gillis Buckly, 

PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINA 
TION OF THE HEAD 



ORDER I. AFFECTIVE FACULTIES. 
Genus I. Societaey Propensities. 
Species 1st. Animo- Vital Group. 



*OS. 
Bucl 


OF ORG. NAMES OF ORGANS. 

:. Fow. 


1 

2 

3 


1 


Amativeness, 
Muscular Motion, 
Animal Sensibility. 


Species 2d. Domestic Group. 


4 
5 
6 

7 


2 

4 
3 


Philoprogenitiveness, 
Parentiveness, 
Inhabitiveness, 
Adhesiveness, 


8 




Gregariousness. 


Genus II. Peotective Propensities 


9 
10 
11 


Speci 
8 


es 1st. Vegito- Vital Group. 
Pneumativeness, 
Hydrativeness, 
Alimentiveness. 



■? 



$ 



<s 



28 



INTRODUCTION. 



CLASSIFICATION- 

Species 2d. Defensive Group. 



N09. OF ORG. 
Buck. Few. 

12 



NAMES OF ORGANS. 



13 
14 



15 


7 


16 


10 


17 


9 




Spe 


18 


11 


19 


B 



Vitativeness, 

Corabativeness, 

Resentfulness. 

3d. Business, or Executive 

Group. 
Destructiveness, 
Secretiveness, 
Acquisitiveness. 

4:th. Guardian Group. 
Cautiousness, 
Watchfulness, (Sublimity.) 

Genus III. Societary Sentiments 
Species 1st. Ambitious and Regulating 
Group. 
Continuity, 
Approbativeness, 
Self-Esteem. 
Species 2d. Artistic Group. 
Constructiveness, 
Ideality, 
Neatness, 
Harmony, 
Imitation, 
Wonder. 

Species 3c?. Social Group. 



20 


5 


21 


12 


22 


13 



23 


20 


24 




25 


21 


26 


34: 


27 


22 


28 


17 



29 
30 
31 
32 

33 
34 

35 
36 



17 



19 



Faith, (Trust.) 
Mimicry, 
Sympathy, 
Benevolence. 
Species 4ih. Sustaining Group. 
18 1 Submissiveness, (Ven.) 
16 I Hopefulness. 
Species 5th. Moral Group. 

14 I Firmness, 

15 Conscientiousness. 



Continued. 

phrenological examina- 
tion of the head. 



INTRODUCTION. 



29 



CLASSIFICATION— Continued. 



ORDER II. INTELLECTUAL FACULT 

Genus I. Perceptive Faculties. 

Species 1st. External Senses. 

1COS. OF OUG. NAMES OF OEGANS. 

Buck. Fow. 

Sight, 
Smell, 
Taste, 
Touch, 
Hearing. 

Species 2d. Nominative Perceptive 
Group. 

37 1 35 I Common Names, 

38 I J Proper Names. 

Species 2>d. Qualitative Perceptive 
Group. 

39 24 Individuality, 

40 25 Form, 

41 26 Size, 

42 27 Weight, 

43 28 Color. 

Species 4oth. Relative Perceptive Group 
Eventuality, 
Locality, 
Time, 

Melody, (Tune,) 
Order, 
Number, (Calculation,) 

Genus II. Reasoning Faculties. 
Species 1st. Reflective Group. 

Comparison, 

Causality, 

Method. (Mirth.) 
Species 2d. Diplomatic Group. 



Suggestion, 



PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINA- 
TION OF THE HEAD. 



44 


32 


45 


31 


46 


33 


47 


34 


48 


29 


49 


30 



50 


37 


51 


36 


52 


23 



53 


C 


54 


D 


55 





Inquisitiveness. 



30 



INTRODUCTION. 



CLASSIFICATION— Concluded. 



Generalizing Conditions. 
Size of the Head, 
Sanguine Temperament, 
Bilious Temperament, 
Lymphatic Temperament, 
Encephalic Temperament, 
Nervous Temperament, 
Mental Activity, 
Education, 
Health, 

Vital Tenacity, 
Vital Vigor. 



PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINA- 
TION OF THE HEAD. 




[Cut No. 1— Groups of Organs.] 

Note. — Education, Health, (past and present,) Societary influences and 
business or professional opportunities, cannot be told by an examination 
of the person. But they will aid you in studying your own character, and 
where an important decision is required, the Phrenologist should be made 
acquainted with them. 



INTRODUCTION. 31 

The cut opposite illustrates the preceding classification. 
The heavy line in front of groups 8 and 9 divides the two 
orders. Those back of that line are the Affective faculties — 
those in front, the Intellectual faculties. The small lines 
divide the orders into Genera, and the dotted lines divide each 
Genus into Species. 

No. 1 shows the location of the Animo-Vital Forces. 2. 
The Domestic group. These two Species form the Genus 
called the Societary Propensities. 

No. 3. The Vegito- Vital Forces. 4. The Defensive group. 
5. The Business or Executive group. 6. The Guardian group. 
These four Species constitute the Genus called the Protective 
Propensities. 

No. 7. The Ambitious and Eegulating group. 8. The 
Artistic group. 9. The Social group. 10. The Sustaining 
group. 11. The Moral group. These five Species constitute 
the GeDus called Societary Sentiments. 

No. 12. The Nominative Perceptive group. 13. The Quali- 
tative Perceptive group. 14. The llelative Perceptive group. 
The external Senses are a 4th group of Perceptive faculties, and 
these four Species form the Genus called Perceptive faculties. 

No. 15 shows the Reflective group ; 16, the Diplomatic 
group. These two Species constitute the Genus called Reason- 
ing faculties. 

In the analysis, of the faculties, the numbering corresponds 
to the figures on cut No. 2 ; hence, when the reader desires to 
know the location of an organ, he, or she, will find it by look- 
ing at that cut. Cut No. 1, gives the group of organs, and by 
comparing the two cuts you can tell what organs belong to any 
group ; and, by studying the nature of each faculty, it will be 
easy to read character by the general rules. Cut No. 3, 
gives the only accurate mode of ascertaining the true size of the 
intellectual powers as compared with other parts of the same 
head. The Phrenometer gives the absolute size of each organ 
as compared with the average of heads. Cubic measure gives 
the size of one region as compared with another in the same 
head, and also with the average of heads. 



32 



INTRODUCTION. 




[Cut No. 2.— Individual Organs.] 



The above cut shows the varieties into which each Species 
is divided — that is, the individual organs. The printed figures 
in it correspond to the numbering of the organs in the Classifi- 
cation of the Faculties (by the author), and in the Table of 
Phrenometer measurements that follow. In that Table there 
are three columns of Sizes given. IT an organ is less than the 
lowest, call it very small; if between small and average, call it 
moderate; if between average and large, call it full ; and if 
over large, call it very large. This will bring it to suit the Key- 
given in the preface. The same remark applies to the table 
of tape measurement, and to the description of the organs 
given in this work. 



INTRODUCTION. 
TABLE OF PHRENOMETER MEASUREMENTS. 



33 



2 Abbreviated 


S 


ZES. 


Initials of 


I ^ Abbreviated 


Sizes. 


Initials of 


^ names of the 




names. 


o 

BO 
3 
■jx 


names of the 
organs. 


^~^>^-~ 


names. 


c 
o 

P 

B 


organs. 


f 










ft 




1 






1 


Auaat. 


btls 


3f 




29 


Faith. 


4* 


5? 5 






2 


Mus. motion 


2 2* 


31 






30 


Mimicry. 


41 


5 


5- 






3 


Anim. Sens. 


H2t 


3* 






31 


Sympathy. 


4* 


41- 5t 






4 


Philopro. 


3i4 


U 






32 


Benevolence. 


4* 


5 51 






5 


Parent. 


3 31 


4i 






33 


Submiss. 


4* 


5*5* 






1 


Inhab. 


3? 4} 


41 






34 


Hope. 


41 


5 


ii 






7 


Adbes. 


3*33 


4lj 




35 


Firmness. 


4* 


5* 


5* 






S 


Grega. 


3 31 


4 




36 


Consci. 


4* 


5 


51 






9 


Pneu. 


2i2£ 


3*| 




37 


Com. Names. 





o 









10 


Hydrat. 


2*3 


31 






38 


Prop. Names. 





o 


o 






11 


Aliment. 


■ 


3 






30 


Iudivid. 


31 


41 


4* 






12 


Vitat. 




•j. 






to 


Form. 


31 


44 


5 






13 


Combat. 


2*31 


3* 






11 


Size. 


3* 


41 


5 






14 


Resent. 


3 31 


4 




12 


Weight. 


35 


4 


41 






15 


Destruct. 


wis 


4 






43 


Color. 


3* 


i 


41 






10 


Secret. 


3*31 


4 






44 


Event. 


4 


41 


5 






17 


Acquis. 




4* 






45 


Locality. 


3? 


4|5 






18 


Caution. 


4141 


5* 






w 


Time. 


31 


4io 






!'.■ 


Watch. 


4*41 


5 






l " 


Melody. 


3* 


3141 






2- 


Contin. 


4 41 


5*j 




43 


Order. 


31 


4141 






2: 


App. 


" 


5*1 




49 


Number. 


3* 


3|4 






22 


Self-Esteem. 


4 41 


51 




50 


Comp. 


4 


415 






23 


Construe. 


3* 31 


4i 




51 


Caus. 


4 


415 






2! 


Ideality. 


4i4i 


H 




52 


Moth. (Wit.) 


4 


415 






25 


Neatness. 


4*|4* 


H 




53 


Analogy. 


* 


415 






2fi 


Harmony. 


a 4i 4^ 




54 


Suggest. 


4 


415 






27 


Imitation. 


HUH 




55 


T 

Inquis. 


4 


415 






28 Wonder. 


n n 5i! 






Vital Tenac. 





IH 







Compare the written and printed figures to see whether your organs 
are more or less than average size: then, examine temperament, educa- 
tion, etc., and see how their action is modified. The Phrenometer pre- 
vents all flattery, exposes every false estimate formed of yourself, and 
exhibits you as you really are. 



PHRENOLOGY 

Is the science of mind ; or Phrenology is a system of Mental 
Philosophy that explains the laws of mind, and points out the 
primitive power of each mental faculty. It also furnishes the 
world with a full, correct, and beautiful system of Moral 
Philosophy that can be easily explained and understood. 

Phrenology is that mental geography that points out the 
boundary line of each Phrenological organ; describes each 
mental faculty, and teaches us the course as well as the beau- 
tiful meanderings of that stream in whose channel flow all our 
thoughts, feelings, affections, and desires. 

I. The first thing to be clone in the study of your own or any 
other person's character, is to obtain the size of the head. For the 
volume of Brain, "other things being equal," is the measure 
of mental power ; hence, if all the modifying conditions are 
good, the larger the brain the more mind a person will possess. 

Note. — By placing the hand on the head of the person while 
he is talking in the usual tone of voice, you will feel a vibra- 
tion of the brain. If this vibration is scarcely perceptible, the 
shall is thick; if you feel it sensibly, the skull is medium; and 
if you feel it very plain, the skull is thin. By this you can, 
with little practice, know whether the brain is large or small in 
proportion to the size of the head. By noticing the size of the 
bones, joints, etc., in connection with the vibrations, you need 
make no mistake ; for where the joints and bones are large, 
the skull is apt to be thick. But if the mind has been greatly 
exercised, the skull may be thin in the part exercised, although 
the bones are large ; hence the vibrations should be resorted 
to if you desire to know the thickness of the skull. 

II. Ascertain the proportion that one region bears to another, to 
see which class of faculties predominate, and rule the character* 



PHRENOLOGY. 



35 



To ascertain the relative size of these regions, draw a line 
from the opening of the ear to the Coronal Suture, as No. 1 in 
the annexed cut, dotted line. Then draw a line from the high- 
est point of the zigomatic arch parallel to the first (dotted 
line), as in cut No. 3, from 2 to 3 ; another line from the top 
of Comparison to the bottom of Self-esteem, 4, 5. All in front 
of the first line belongs to the Intellect. Notice the hight, 
breadth, and depth of the forehead to the line 2, 3, and you can 
judge of the intellectual capacity of the individual. All above 
the line 4, 5, shows the moral character of the individual, and 
all behind the line 2, 3, and below the line4, 5, shows the size 
of those faculties common to men and animals — animal region. 




Cut No. 3.— General Division. 



36 PHRENOLOGY. 

GENERAL RULES FOR DETERMINING CHARACTER. 

Eule 1. If the Intellect predominates, it indicates an intel- 
ligent person. » 

Eule 2. If the Moral powers are large, goodness, integrity- 
justice, and philanthropy will be prominent traits of the indi- 
vidual. 

Eule 3. When the Animal group greatly predominates over 
the Moral, the stronger dispositions will be to immoral conduct. 

Eule 4. If the Moral and Intellectual groups both pre- 
dominate over the Animal, the person will be an intelligent, 
moral, upright individual, and desire the well-being of all. 

Eule 5. If the Moral and Intellectual powers are good, and 
the back part of the head well developed, there will be much 
perseverance and energy in his own department of business. 

Eule 6. If the Ambitious, Domestic, and Animo-Vital 
forces be large, and the Protective small, there will be a lack 
of policy, or scheming, and a strong desire to finish what you 
undertake before you leave it — a necessary condition to great 
success. But, 

Eule 7. If the Animo-Vital forces, Ambitious, and Domestic 
powers be small, and the Protective large, there will be a con- 
tinual display of policy, managing, planning, scheming and 
changing, without finishing anything properly. 

Eule 8. If the Intellectual and Moral powers be large, and 
the Animo-Vital forces be small, the individual will lack 
energy, and force of character. 

Eule 9. If the Intellectual, Ambitious, Domestic, and 
Animo-Vital forces be large, and the Moral small, the person 
will be intelligent, forcible, and energetic, but lack moral worth 
and integrity, and may be a very bad person. 

Eule 10. If the Intellectual, Ambitious, Domestic Animo- 
Vital forces, base of the brain, Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness, 
and Constructiveness be large, and the Moral powers small, the 
person will be constantly laying plans on a large scale to cheat 
and defraud somebody. But, 



PHRENOLOGY. 37 

Rule 11. If the Ambitious, Domestic, Ammo-Vital forces, 
Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness, and Constructiveness be large, 
and the base of the brain and Intellect be small, the individual 
will defraud on a small scale— commit petty larceny, or steal 
hens, eggs, fruit or melons ! 

Rule 12. If the Intellectual and Protective organs are large, 
and the Coronal region small, we have an intellectual animal. 

Rule 13. If the Protective and Coronal organs are large, and 
the Intellectual small, we have a religious animal — a persecutor 
for opinion's sake — with large caution, does good through fear, 
and would compel others to be of his opinion if he had the 
power. 

Rule 14. If the Social and Animal are large, you have a 
social animal — with the Domestic added — a domestic animal. 

Rule 15. If all the regions are well balanced, under proper 
circumstances, you will have a moral, intelligent, social, kind, 
friendly, domestic person, with purity of intention, honesty, 
and love of truth ; but will lack energy and point of character — 
be too well balanced for any faculty to take the lead — may be 

good for NOTHING 1 

This class often brings Phrenology into disrepute, because 
small circumstances control them, and cause them to commit 
some crime, and then, as their Animal nature does not pre- 
dominate, Phrenology is said to be at fault, when it is not. 

Xo class needs the advice of a judicious, honest Phrenolo- 
gist more than this, especially while young. Thousands suffer 
for want of this advice, and pass through the world as mere 
drones, yet possess fine heads ; and others are plunged into 
crime and degradation, who might have been saved by this 
much-laughed- at science. The well-balanced head is often 
the most unfortunate we have. 

; As there are many who are not sufficiently acquainted with 
the science to use the Phrenometer, there should be some way 
provided for them ; hence, I have formed a table by which any 
one can take a tape, with inches, eighths, etc., marked on it, 
and ascertain the leading traits of his own character and natu- 
ral ability without any assistance. 



38 



PHRENOLOGY. 



TABLE OF TAPE MEASUREMENT. 



S 



'S 



* 



9 10 11 12 



Small. 

Average. 

Large. 



21 201 11 



22 211 



23£ 23 



11: 



11* 

121 



12 | 12* 

12*] 13* 
33* 1U 



L2i 



L3i 



1-41 

15* 



m 



12* 11 



10 



Remarks. — If your head is less than small, call it very small. 
If larger than large, call it very large. If between small and 
average, call it moderate ; and, if between average and large, call 
it full. 

The tape should pass over the head where the lines do in 
the cut, and the figures at the end of the lines in the cut cor- 
respond to those at the head of the columns in the table, and 
the following rules also correspond to the measurements. 
Study them closely. 






PHRENOLOGY. 



39 




Cut No. 4.— Tape Measure. 



1st Measure. — This gives the circumference round the Per- 
ceptives. If this is large and the head low, there is less brain 
than when the head is high but less in size round it, and the 
large, low head gives a character less moral, social, and hu- 
manitary than a higher one. 

2nd Measure. — When this is larger than the first it shows 
more or less of the Encephalic Temperament. See Temp. 

3d Measure — Gives the size of the Qualitative Perceptives, 
and shows the ability to observe things and their qualities. 

4th Measure — Size of the Relative Perceptives, and shows 
the ability to comprehend the relation of external objects, 
events, locations, dates, sounds, etc. They are indispensable to 
rapid progress in literature and learning. 

5th Measures the reflectives, and shows the ability to rea- 



40 PHRENOLOGY. 

son, comprehend first principles, and to manifest a sound 
judgment. 

6th Measures the diplomatic group, and shows the ability to 
act as a diplomatist, either in foreign treaties, or lesser diplo- 
macy at home. 

7th Measure, social group, shows the social capacity, amount 
of kindness, generosity, faith — ability to mimic and comprehend 
character, and gives trust in men, and their integrity. 

8th Measure, sustaining group, ability to bear up under re- 
verses of fortune, to sustain losses, and not grieve about what 
is inevitable. 

9th Measure, moral group, shows honesty, integrity, justice. 

10th Measure, ambitious and regulating group, amount of 
ambition, pride, dignity, self-respect — an aspiring, lofty, eleva- 
ted feeling, love of character, and continuity of thought and 
feeling. 

11th Measure, domestic group, fondness for home and all its 
endearments, and gives an impulsive, forcible, go-a-head dis- 
position. 

12th Measure, animo-vital forces, amount of sexual ability, 
fondness for exercise, and an ability to discover atmospheric 
changes. This development has much to do with the size of 
the lungs, force, energy, and an industrious, busy turn. 

Remark. — The 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th measures, when large, 
give a great intellect, with the 10th, 11th and 12th measures 
also large gives an ability to become more than a common per- 
son, and with the artistic group large will be refined — add the 
executive group and you have a business man. 

The following system of cubic measurements compiled from 
the Edinburg Phrenological Journal, republished by Fowler 
& Wells, N. Y., is in my opinion the only reliable measure of 
the volume of the brain, and of its various groups, now before 
the world. We can attain to great accuracy with the eye and 
our fingers, but all mechanics, for nice work, require something 
better than the eye; and Phrenologists must not be an excep- 
tion to the rule. 

To FIND THE CUBIC INCHES IN THE WHOLE HEAD, measure 



PHRENOLOGY. 41 

with the calipers from the center of Gregariousness, to the cen- 
ter of Gregariousness — from Secretiveness to Secretiveness, — 
from Acquisitiveness to Acquisitiveness, and from Construc- 
tiveness to Constructiveness. Add the four measurements to- 
gether, and divide by four, and you have the average breadth 
of the head. 

Measure from the base of Amativeness to the top of Inhabi- 
tiveness, — from the opening of the ear to the top of Caution, 
and from the center of Individuality to the top of Comparison. 
Add these three measures together and divide by three; and 
you have the average hight of the head. 

From Eventuality to the bottom of Self-Esteem is the aver- 
age length of the head. Multiply the ividth by the hight and 
that product by the length and you have the cubic inches of the 
whole head. 

Cubic measure of the parts of the head. To find 
which region of the head is largest, measure each part sepa- 
rately, as follows: 

I.— ANTERIOR REGION— INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 

Breadth— from the outer part of Melody to the outer part of 
Melody. Length — from Form to the top of Comparison. 
Eight — from the meatus (opening of the ear) to the center of 
Time. 
n.-CORONAL REGION— MORAL AND SOCIETARY SENTIMENTS. 

Breadth — from the front of Sympathy to the back of Firm- 
ness. Length — from the outer part of Ideality to the outer 
part of Ideality. Eight — from the meatus to the top of Cau- 
tion. 

m. -LATERAL REGION— PROTECTIVE FACULTIES. 

Breadth — from the front of Acquisitiveness to the back of 
Secretiveness. Length — from the meatus to the top of Caution. 
Eight — average width of the head. 

IV.— POSTERIOR REGION— DOMESTIC GROUP. 
Length from Amativeness to Self-Es. Breadth from Combat- 
iveness to Combativeness. Hight, from meatus to Continuity. 
4 



42 PHRENOLOGY. 

Rule. Multiply the breadth by the length, and that product 
by one-third of the hight — the result will be the cubic meas- 
ure of the given part. 

Exception. In measuring the lateral region, the hight 
measures both sides at once, hence we do not use one- third as 
in the other regions. We multipty the length by the breadth, 
and the product by the hight — i. e. the average width of the 
head, which gives the cubic inches of both lateral regions at 
once. 

1. The Anterior (Intellectual) region equals one-tenth of the 
whole head. 

2. The Coronal (Moral) region equals two-tenths of the 
whole head. 

3. The Lateral (Protective) region equals four-tenths of the 
whole head. 

4. The Posterior (Domestic) region equals three-tenths of 
the whole head. 

These make ten-tenths — the parts equal the whole head. 

These results were arrived at by Mr. Stratton, of Aberdeen, 
Scotland, from ten years' experience, and the measurement of 
three thousand skulls, busts, and heads, with great care, and 
minuteness, and proved to be mathematically correct. 

I here repeat that this measure, and that of the Phrenome- 
ter are the most absolutely correct methods we have of ascer- 
taing size, and Dr. Powell's Temperaments are the only relia- 
ble mode of ascertaining the quality of the Brain. When we 
know the modifying conditions, then size is absolutely the meas- 
ure of Power. Not the size of one organ as compared with 
another on the same head, but as compared with the average of 
the human race. Two bars of iron of precisely the same size 
and texture, will be equally strong. The same is true of two 
organs, or heads. Temperament, — education, — excitability, 
etc., show the texture, and when this is known accurately, size 
measures the actual power. 

We will now present a table of cubic measurements, and 
then present what we consider the only true, and really useful 



PHRENOLOGY. 



43 



system of Temperaments now before the world, which will be 
followed by an analysis of the Mental faculties. 

TABLE OF CUBIC MEASUREMENTS. 



CUBIC MEASUREMENT OF THE HEAD 
OF 

M 






s i 
i<a 




3 §. 
$'5 


§A 

3- 


Given by 


^ 


^3 o" 
3 s 

I 1 


Regio\ 
owers. 
ion — 
rs. 


3| 


Cfc 






the day of 18 






s 
*> 






1 — Very small, minus, 


20 


2 


4, 8 


6 


20 


1 Very small, 


30 


3 


6 12 


9 


30 


1-f- Very small, plus, 


40 


4 


8 16 


12 


40 


2 — Small, minus, 


50 


5 


10 


20 


15 


50 


2 Small, 


60 


6 


12 


24 


18 


60 


2+ Small, plus, 


70 


7 


14 


28 


21 


70 


3 — Moderate, minus, 


80 


8 


16 


32 


24 


80 


3 Moderate, 


90 


9 


18 


36 


27 


90 


3-}- Moderate, plus, 


100 


10 


20 


40 


30 100 


4 — Average, minus, 


110 


11 


22 


44 


33! 110 


4 Average, 


120 


12 


24 48 


361 120 


4-f- Average, plus, 


130 


13 


26; 52 


39 130 


5 — Full, minus, 


140 


14 


28 1 56 


42 140 


5 Full, 


150 


15 


30 1 60 


45 150 


5-f Full, plus, 


160 


16 


32! 64 


48 160 


6 — Large, minus, 


170 


17 


34 68 


51 170 


6 Large, 


180 


18 


36 72 


54 180 


Q-\- Large, plus, 


190 


19 


38 76 


57 190 


7 — Very large, minus, 


200 


20 


40 80 


60 200 


7 Very large, 


210 


21 


42 84 


63 210 


7-f- Very large, plus, 


220 


22 


44 


88 


66 


, 220 

















44 PHRENOLOGY. 

By comparing the written figures which, represent the size 
of your head and its different regions, with the printed figures 
over the written ones, you can by referring to the printed size 
on the left see how large your head is, and the proportion be- 
tween one region and another. 

The measurements are from 20 to 220 cubic inches, — 120, 
therefore, is the medium or average, and I venture this is about 
as near correct as we can get in the present state of the science. 

Although this mode of measuring is well nigh infallible, I 
fear that it will cause many to fall out with Phrenology. 
There are but few who like to have it shown to a certainty, 
that they are inferior to what they had before supposed. Many 
have been told that they have large heads, and that "other 
tilings being equal," size measures power. They wilfully forget 
these other things, and boast of their massive brains, and gigan- 
tic minds. But this mode of measuring the parts often shows 
that these large-headed people have most of their brains located 
in that region common to men and the lower animals, while the 
Intellectual and Moral regions are deficient. And as this does 
not agree with the opinions they have formed of themselves, 
they often turn against the science, and its practitioners. 

But it is time that this phrenological flattery was done away, 
because people are now beginning to get charts that they may 
know what to follow. And if they are made to think that 
they will prosper well in professional life, and embark in it, 
but fail, Phrenology suffers as well as the deceived person who 
relied on a false opinion. And one great reason why Phrenol- 
ogy has been brought into disrepute in some places is, because 
many of our would-be lecturers on Phrenology are ignorant of 
its modifying conditions — size — proportion — temperament — 
education, &c, and I do sincerely hope that the day is not far 
distant when all phrenological and other quacks will be driven 
from the field by an intelligent community, as sores upon the 
public body — mere leeches and vampires who live by their 
bloated pretentions off a deceiving yet trusting public. 

There are persons whose heads are below average, yet hav- 



TEMPERAMENTS. 45 

ing their intellectual lobes larger than any other, a good educa- 
tion, an active brain, and good opportunities, manifest more in- 
telligence, and become more useful than others whose heads 
are large, or even very large, with different modifications. 
This often induces those who are ignorant of the cause of this 
apparent discrepancy, to doubt Phrenology, but when they learn 
that proportion, and texture, are as important as size itself, they 
will pay more attention than they now do, to the modifying 
conditions. 

If the brain be soft and flabby, the mind will be dull, listless, 
and lazy. If the texture be dense and firm, yet coarse, and the 
brain large, the person will have mental power, but lack mental 
activity. If the brain be firm, dense, and fine, and of good size, 
with a well developed intellectual lobe, the person will possess 
power, vigor, and activity, and if he has enjoyed good advan- 
tages, will be truly great, — and this knowledge can be known 
only by the Human Temperaments. 

To Jcnoiv the texture of the brain, determine its power and 
activity, and be able to Judge of constitutional ability, you 
must study 

HUMAN TEMPERAMENTS. 

Temperament is a mode of being, sui-generis, compatible 
with life, health, and longevity. — Powell. 

There are but two Temperaments among primitive races, — 
Sanguine and Bilious — which, with their combinations, may 
be called Primitive, or Vital. 

There are two Temperaments in civilized nations that are 
engrafted on the primitive, and result from the modes of living 
in civilized life, and may therefore be called Adjunctive. 
They are Lymphatic, and Encephalic 

There are, then, four Temperaments, Sanguine, Bilious, Lym- 
phatic, and Encephalic, all of which can be told by the shape 
of the head, although there are other signs that may, to a cer- 
tain extent, be relied upon; yet they are not uniformly the 
same, and vary (once in a while) in the same combination of 
temperaments. They are, however, uniform in the simple or 



46 TEMPERAMENTS. 

single temperaments; but in all cases the shape ofthehead takes 
precedence in deciding temperament. 

The shape and size of the head, and the size and proportion 
of the limbs, apply to all races, but the hair, eyes, nose, lips, 
and complexion apply to the white race only, and then only as 
helps, that vary too much to be positively relied upon in all 
cases. 

I.— SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT. 




[ Cut No. 5.— Alexander Hood, Viscount Bridgeport. ] 

Signs. — The head is large, the brain is neither very dense, 
nor active. The forehead recedes, — the perceptive organs are 
large, — the reflective are apparently small, — the back of the 
head is short, — the vertex is relatively more elevated, but not 
so fully expanded, — the root of the nose is ruff and prominent, 
— the whole cerebellum, especially the outer portions, large 
and full, and the head sits straight on the neck (cervical col- 
umn). The limbs, and all parts of the body, are of good size, 



TEMPERAMENTS. 47 

round, and so well proportioned that it generally gives beauty 
of person. 

The hair is light, (not sandy or red) — the eyes are of a blue- 
ish white, with white specks in the blue ground, — the nose large 
and sometimes convex on the bridge, — the lips are large, the 
upper one thicker thau the lower, and the skin is clear and fair. 

Character. This Temperament gives bravery, fortitude, 
courage, nobility, kindness, generosity, forgiveness, hopefulness, 
submissiveness, integrity, great presence of mind, strong intu- 
itions, good judgment, and memory, quick perceptions, and cor- 
rect conclusions in the business followed. They seldom har- 
bor revenge, or malice. From the shortness of the back lobes, 
the internal motives are generally too feeble to urge their pos- 
sessor after fame, spoils, or dominion; and when the causes 
which produce motives cease, the motives also cease; and this 
often gives apparent fickleness. Those of this temperament 
never seek power, and always lay it down when the purpose 
is fulfilled for which it was giveu. They are generally trust- 
worthy in office and mostly true to the will of their constit- 
uents. 

Occupations. They are not adapted to sedentary habits, or 
studious pursuits, and they generally hate hard study and close 
confinement. They often become great by official appoint- 
ment. They are well suited to mechanic arts, descriptive sciences, 
horticulture, agriculture, and occasionally to the fine arts. They 
can learn science, and often possess great general information, 
but seldom develope science, or manifest originality of thought. 

Illustrations. * Generals Washington and Scott, Lord 
Cornwallis, Dr. Casper Wister, Sir Ralph Abercromby, Rt. Hon. 
Alex. Hood Viscount Bridgeport, Petrarch, Rev. Joshua Soule, 
D. D., Bishop of Tenn.; Charles XII, king of Sweden. 

* Cuts 5, 6. 7, and 8, have been kindly furnished by the publishers of 
Dr. Powell's History of the Temperaments, which is embellished by more 
than fifty such cuts, illustrative of all the Temperaments; and every 
reader of this book should obtain that, as the examination of those cuts 
would be valuable to all who wish to study Temperament, or choose com- 
panions by that method. 



48 



TEMPERAMENTS. 
II.-BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 




[ Cut No. 6.— Tasso.] 

Signs. — The head is less, but the brain more dense than the 
Sanguine — forehead recedes — perceptives large — reflective mod- 
erate — back (posterior)part of the head much developed back- 
ward and upward — head lower at firmness — top not expanded — 
head more contracted at the sides, less developed downward, 
and more backward, and more obliquely on the neck than the 
Sanguine. The body is more lean, angular, and abrupt; mus- 
cles moderate in size, but firm and dense; the veins are larger, 
but the pulse is less active than in the Sanguine organization. 

In the white race there are two varieties — the Black, and 
Eed-haired. In the dark variety the hair is black, or very dark 
brown — eyes dark — nose large, and often acquiline, but some- 
times long and pointed, nares large, and the alee thin, lips large, 
upper one the larger; shin dark or brown. In the Red variety 
the hair is red, eyes blueish gray, and shin florid. 

Character. Persons of this temperament have quick, power- 
ful perceptions, and their conclusions are sometimes bewildering- 
ly rapid. Their force and energy excel the Sanguine, and they 



TEMPERAMENTS. 49 

are easier impressed, and the impression lasts longer, and leads 
to stronger, and longer continued action, because it is less elas- 
tic, and does not cease to feel, and act when the cause is re- 
moved; hence may become morbid even to insanity. He has 
a will of his own, builds his own fortune, creates his own desti- 
ny, and yields authority, or power with great reluctance. It 
gives toughness, and an iron endurance of toil, exposure, and. 
hardship. It gives us men of facts, but seldom produces thor- 
ough scholars, because of its restless disposition. 

Occupation. It is suited to the elementary and descriptive 
sciences — to active, rugged pursuits, and occupations, out door 
life, and to hard labor; and with favorable phrenological devel- 
op mmts, is the organization for great projects, as it assumes 
great responsibilities. 

Illustrations. Mahomed, Cortez, Dante, Pizzarro, Tasso, 
Charles XII, Charlemagne, Lady Huntington, Francis king of 
France, Robert Dale Owen, Rev. S. A. Latta of Cin., Dr. J. 
Fowlkes of Tenn., John Augustus of Boston, Mass., and Mary 
Runkle, murderess, N. Y. Illustration of the Red or Xantlius 
variety, Thomas Jefferson. 

III.— LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs'. — Head is large and quadrangular; the forehead is 
square, perpendicular, and after the appearance of the lymph 
the head becomes globular, wide at the base, and larger, 
and the brain spreads like bonny-clabber, or cooked turnips. 
The body is above medium size, full and soft. 

The hair has a light, flaxen appearance — the eyes of a dirty 
blue, their lids half closed — nose pug, and large, lips thick, and 
cleft straight — huge cheeks, and shin clear, and of a pale white. 

Character. Disposition slightly irritable; is slow and lacks 
enterprize and true greatness. It produces moral worth; often 
gives fine scholars, and is not a bad, or lazy temperament. 
The fat person may be lazy, but fat and lymph are two dif- 
ferent things. 
5 



50 



TEMPERAMENTS. 




[ Cut 7.— Yan-ta-gin,— Chinese Gentleman. ] 

Occupation. One that requires but little exercise. It of- 
ten gives good book-keepers, bar-tenders, landlords, and school 
teachers. 

Advice. To decrease lymph, live on dry food, spare diet, 
and drink but little. This will reduce you to comfortable di- 
mensions, and adapt you to more mental occupations. 

Illustrations. Van-ta-gin, a Chinese gentleman of dis- 
tinction, Emperor Theodocius, Charles IV of Spain, Augus- 
tus, king of Saxony, and Ferdinand of Sicily. 



TEMPERAMENTS. 
IV. ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 



51 




[ Cut 8.— Rev. Rheinstadt. ] 

Signs. The head is large and quadrangular, and widens 
from the base upward — is fuller at the parietal ridges than 
anywhere else, and is rather broad and flat on top; the lateral 
portions of the cerebellum are feeble, and the neck small, while 
the forehead is large and projecting. The bones and muscles 
are small, the thorax narrow, and abdomen small. 

The hair is light, thin, lank, and fine; the eyes of a muddy 
blue, or a dark gray; nose small and turns up at the extremity; 
lips thin, the lower one the more prominent, and always slight- 



52 TEMPERAMENTS. 

ly turned out; sJcin pale, and opaque, and the countenance se- 
rious, and appears gloomy. This temperament when pure can 
not accomplish much even with its large head, and should 
change it with exercise, amusement, and freedom from mental 
excitement. 

Character. Thoughts and actions slow, yet there is capa- 
bility of great learning, and profound discrimination. The 
body wears but little, and all changes are so slow, and the 
adaptation of all its parts so complete that health and long life 
frequently result. Greatness never comes from this tempera- 
ment alone. 

Illustration. Rev. Rheinstadt, copied from Lavater into 
Dr. Powell's work. It is hard to find illustrations, they are 
so rare. 

COMBINATIONS OF TEMPERAMENTS. 

We seldom find unmixed temperaments, because they are 
combined in mixtures of two, three, and sometimes four, in one 
individual, each combination giving a general character of its 
own, and has signs peculiar to itself. 

The combinations are more frequent and useful than the 
single temperaments, because the physician will find that some 
combinations will, while others will not bear certain kinds of 
medicine; and certain unions of temperaments in marriage will 
prove disastrous to offspring. We will therefore present 

V.— THE SANGUINE BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 
Signs. Head is small and the brain dense and compact. The 
posterior lobes are more developed, relatively, than the San- 
guine; the anterior ones more perpendicular than either San- 
guine or Bilious; the perceptives are less; the forehead is never 
expanded, and the cerebellum is never enough developed to lead 
to brutal excess. The body seldom exceeds medium size, chest 
round, abdomen slender, person well proportioned, and very 
erect; bones relatively large, muscles slender, and very com- 
pact, giving great strength, and power of endurance. They are 



TEMPERAMENTS. 53 

generally very deceiving in their looks, because being small 
they are under-rated. Being composed of two vital tempera- 
ments, it is tough as whalebone, and enduring almost beyond 
belief, and possessed of muscular action equal to its endurance. 

Hair coarse, bushy, thick set, and black or dark brown; but 
sandy in the Xanthus variety — eyes deep blue or blueish gray, 
— nose straight on the dorsum — lips of moderate thickness and 
equal prominence — skin where it is excluded from the light, is 
very fair — when exposed it assumes a red tan color. 

Character. Very active and restless, and well suited to 
Mathematics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Botany, and Geology — 
to scientific explorations, and warlike life. But they generally 
lack that power of plan and system of movement requisite 
for such positions as were filled by Bonaparte, Washington, or 
Scott, yet they make good subalterns. They are not generally 
suited to mental toil under annoying circumstances, as they be- 
come rash, and irritable. This temperament is sometimes at- 
tended with a capricious temper, but there are many exceptions. 

Occupations of every description may be filled by this tem- 
perament. 

Diseases of this temperament are generally of acute form. 

Illustrations. Daniel Boone, Prof. Z. Freeman, Prof. J. 
Milton Saunders, John B. Gough the Temperance lecturer, 
Lorenzo Dow, John C. Fremont, Gen. Jackson, Spencer H. 
Cone, D. D., Col. J. H. Lane of Kansas. 

YI.— THE SANGUINE LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. Head of good size and nearly round — base of the 
head broad, temples well filled out, and the top rounded off. 
The body is of good size and fair proportions, plump and soft. 

The hair is light, thin, and soft; eyes sky blue, soft and 
agreeable; nose short and straight; lips thick and equally de- 
veloped, and the skin is white, clear, and apparently transpa- 
rent, and in the eyes of lean, dark Gomplexioned people they 
are very beautiful. 

Character. They are mostly even tempered and hard to 



54 TEMPERAMENTS. 

rouse ; but then for the moment they are revengeful, vindic- 
tive, and cruel, and sometimes on the spur of the moment strike 
their victims dead at their feet, and many men of good minds 
and fine talents are criminals to-day in consequence of this has- 
ty organization. They seldom fight, but kill. They are often 
amatory, and being beautiful, are often successful in licen- 
tiousness. 

Occupations. They make good clerks, book-keepers, mu- 
sicians, and are generally honest and trustworthy — their tem- 
per being their worst foe. 

Illustrations. Nero, Judge Story, Wm, Wirt, Ferdinand 
of Naples, Abby Hutchinson the vocalist, Geo. Wilson of N. 
Y., murderer. 

VII. THE SANGUINE ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. The head is of good size, the lateral portions of the 
cerebellum are feeble, and the neck slim. The forehead is 
nearly vertical, the upper parts full ; the back of the head is 
quite well developed, but little developed round the eyes ; the 
sides of the head are flattened, the upper parts (parietal ridge) 
much expanded; the temples are often depressed, and the 
hemispheres are included between two very near parallel lines. 
A line drawn from the condyles of the occipital bone to the 
lower extremity of the upper front teeth, will be very nearly 
parallel with the top of the head. The body is light and 
slender, muscles thin and flaccid, and the bones are small, and 
have but slight muscular impressions. 

The hair is light, and rather fine; the eyes pale blue. [I have 
seen some of this temperament who had hazel, light gray and 
yery light brown eyes. — J. Gr. B.] The nose is slender, and 
generally straight on the dorsum; the lips are of moderate 
thickness, the lower one slightly more so than the upper, (un- 
less the Sanguine element is strongest,) and slightly turned out, 
and the skin is fair, but less clear than the Sanguine Bilious. 

Character. Persons of this temperament are not always 
adapted to the rude conflicts of life, nor to develop science, 
but they study science well, and often become bright scholars ; 






TEMPERAMENTS. 55 

but they are mostly book-worms. They love the fine arts, and 
shun rugged, coarse trades, and are mostly conservative and 
anti- revolutionary. 

Occupations. This temperament is mostly confined to the 
law, medicine, pulpit, and teaching — some are jewelers, tail- 
ors, clerks, and salesmen, and occasionally a painter, a poet, or 
an orator, yet there are few who become truly great, or original. 

Illustrations. Cowper, the poet ; Channing, Dr. Rush, 
Voltaire, Jno. A. Gurle}", Geo. Combe, Prof. S. B. Morse, etc. 

VIII. THE BILIOUS LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. The long back head of the Bilious, and the round 
smooth head of the Lymphatic — no sharp angles (in any lym- 
phatic combination), about head or body — back lobes are of 
medium length, and rather broad with a well developed cere- 
bellum, but less than the sang. temp. The forehead recedes 
less than the bilious, the skull above the eyes is not so sharp and 
prominent as bilious, or sanguine bilious, and the moral is full 
and gives a fine finish to the top of the head. The body is full, 
plump, round, and has a good share of muscular strength and 
activity, although not always large. 

The hair is fine and brown, eyes brown, nose good size and 
generally straight, yet is sometimes aquiline, but oftener pug- 
ged, lips thick and equally developed, and the skin brown, the 
face is oval, and generally beautiful although dark, and ara 
found quite often in Mexico and in the Southern states. 

But when the xanthus element predominates the hair is yel- 
low or sandy and sometimes coarse, the eyes a blueish gray, the 
skin redish and freckled. When the two elements are equal the 
nose is straight, when the bilious is strongest it is aquiline, and 
when the lymphatic is strongest it is pugged, and always of 
good size. The sandy tinge to hair or whiskers is always a sign 
of the xanthus variety of the bilious temperament. 

Character. Persons of this temperament are generous, kind, 
hospitable, and unambitious. They have good judgments but 
care little for notoriety. They seldom get into the penitentiary, 
but a great many do into the beer shops, and they mostly love 



56 TEMPERAMENTS. 

that beverage too well, and many ruin themselves and families 
by its use. 

Occupation. Mechanics and agriculturists. They mate 
just judges, and faithful public servants when not influenced by 
ardent spirits, and there is, now and then, an orator, a musi- 
cian, an artist, or a poet, but they are seldom distinguished. 

Illustrations. Some become distinguished, and when they 
do, it is from a love of their callirjg. Kaphael, Gen. Nathan 
Green, W. Pinckney, Rev. L. L. Hamline, Aaron Ward, ex-M. 
C. from New York, Alexander W. Buel, M. C. from Michi- 
gan, Millard Fillmore (xanthus variety of! bilious), P. T. 
Barnum. 

IX. THE BILIOUS ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. Head very long, front and back lobes well developed, 
sides of the head flattened, base narrow, forehead and parietal 
ridge well expanded, cerebellum narrow, yet large enough for 
motion, and small enough for sedentary pursuits. Body good 
size, and finely proportioned, dignified and handsome. 

The hair is fine and brown, eyes brown, nose of good size and 
generally straight, lips tolerably thick and equal, and the skin 
dark, or bilious. When the bilious element is xanthus, it gives 
sandy hair, bluish-grey eyes, and reddish skin. When the 
bilious element is strongest, the nose will be apt to be aquil- 
ine, and turned up when the encephalic is strongest. 

Character. Those of this organization are generous, kind, 
bold, philosophical, thoughtful and original, patient, tough and 
enduring. The bilious gives them power, and the encephalic 
removes the impatience of the bilious, and gives large front 
heads. They commit but few crimes, and generally are mor- 
ally disposed. 

Occupations. They make good authors, editors, teachers, 
lecturers, preachers, and mechanics. When the encephalic ele- 
ment is in the predominance, there is a narrow cerebellum, and 
but feeble powers of mind, or body, and a lack of energy. 
Some guide nations — others can hardly maintain themselves, 
but all are intellectual and generally moral. 



TEMPERAMENTS. 57 

Illustrations. Lord Bacon, Professors Caldwell, Jackson; 
Chapman, and Powell ; Columbus; late Chief Justice Marshall, 
James Brown, the Grammarian ; Kirkland, the street preacher; 
Mrs. T. H. Kinsey, M. D., of Cincinnati ; Wm. Cullen Bryant; 
Dr. Valentine, delineator of eccentric character ; Ephraim 
Byrom, inventor of Universal Planetarium and Church clocks ; 
Joseph Mazzini, Hosea Ballou, Geo. Wm. Curtis, etc. 

X. THE SANGUINE BILIOUS LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. Head large and round, back lobes more, and the mid- 
dle less, developed than the lymphatic ;and the cerebellum de- 
veloped downward more, and laterally less ; glabella and su- 
perciliary ridge more rough and the texture of bone less com- 
pact ; head not so globular as the sanguine lymphatic, nor the 
corona so beautiful as in the bilious lymphatic. The body is 
of good size, has a solid look, great strength, and action, with 
very few superiors. Very few of them are handsome, yet they 
are often attractive. 

Hair, brown, coarse and bushy ; eyes, bilious blue ; nose, rath- 
er short and straight ; lips, thick and equal ; sJcin, very fair, and 
when exposed to light becomes a tan color. The xanthus va- 
riety gives reddish, sandy or yellow hair, and bluish gray eyes. 
The predominance of the lymphatic temperament gives a pug 
nose, and a large share of the bilious gives the aquiline. 

Character. There is in this constitution every variety of 
character, in vice and virtue, in talent and intellect, workers 
and shirkers, but always busy at something, and generally 
practical. They are generous and hospitable, gregarious in 
their attachments, and sometimes licentious in conduct. They 
are great boxers and fighters, — often head mobs and rebellions, 
— have a revolutionary feeling. When rightly employed they 
are a useful class of people, but when not, many of them fiud 
their way into prisons, yet many are found in the paths of lit- 
erature, science and learning. Government should see to it 
that this and the sanguine lymphatic temperament be kept 
properly employed, and those having this temperament should 
avoid alcoholic stimulus as they value peace and happiness. 



58 TEMPERAMENTS. 

Occupations. The head being large and the constitution 
strong they are capable (according to their phrenological de- 
velopments) of filling almost any station in life, such as labor- 
ers, lecturers, lawyers, doctors, judges, professors, etc. 

Illustrations. Hon. Judge Greene, U. S. Court; Baron 
Laray, Surgeon to Bonaparte; Stephen Girard; Pope Leo X.; 
Maj. Gen. Henry Knox, Dr. Spurzheim; Harris Bell, murder- 
er; Richard Dunphy, artist; Thomas F. Meagher, Irish patriot; 
Geo. Law; Prof. John King, and many others. 

XI.— THE SANGUINE ENCEPHALO-BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. Head a little larger and more compact than the 
sanguine encephalic — not so long, but a little broader, — the 
forehead is nearly vertical, and square, yet may be full and 
round, — the glabella is narrow, and rough like the sanguine 
bilious, but not so prominent, — the temples are usually de- 
pressed while the head is expanded above them. But these 
signs vary as one or another element predominates. The body 
is of good size and fine proportion, and generally tough, elas- 
tic and enduring. Some of the finest specimens of our race 
are found in this temperament, though some are below medi- 
um every way. 

The hair is brown, and moderately coarse; eyes dark blue, 
nose moderate in size and straight; lips tolerably thick, lower 
one turned out a little; skin very white, but when exposed to 
the light is of a red tan color. The xanthus variety gives san- 
dy hair, bluish gray eyes, and florid complexion; and a good 
share of the encephalic element gives a pugged nose, and the 
bilious an aquiline nose. 

Character. Those of this organization are highly artistic, 
and it produces many masters of the fine arts. It gives great 
susceptibility, vivacity and courage, but seldom figures in the 
army or navy. Its dispositions and talents vary with the ele- 
ments composing it, and with the phrenological developments. 

Occupations. This temperament gives laborers, artists, 
salesmen, musicians, lecturers, teachers, preachers, professors 
and orators; also some speculators. 



TEMPERAMENTS. 59 

Illustrations. Frank. Pierce; F. Bly, Phrenologist; Prof. 
Daniel Drake, Laurence Sterne, the wit; Charles Sumner, etc. 

XII.-THE SANGUINE ENCEFHALO-LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. The head is large, and rather quadrangular; back 
lobes very broad; front lobes are elevated, broad, and promi- 
nent; the sides flattened, and the parietal ridge well developed, 
but not sharp; cerebellum broad; superciliary ridge but little 
developed, and the brain less dense than the bilious varieties. 
Body is full; soft, abundant, stringy muscles that hang loose- 
ly from their attachments, and the body is generally large and 
strong, and usually healthy. 

The hair is light, or light auburn; eyes a pale blue; nose thick, 
short, and straight; lips of medium thickness, and equal; skin 
usually very fair. 

Character. Those of this organization are patient, active, 
and do much in a life-time — have a good share of vitality — a 
fine mental organization, and but little irritability; it gives 
good scholars, great men, and a few original thinkers. 

Occupations. Architects, compilers, editors, diplomatists, 
and statesmen. 

Illustrations. Jas. D. Taylor of Cincinnati, called pap Tay- 
lor; Maj. Gen. Lincoln, Chas. Dickens (Boz); Horace Greely, 
Swedenborg, Dr. Benj. Franklin, Sir John Franklin, De Witt 
Clinton, Wm. Penn, Lucretia Mott, Hon. Lewis Cass. 

XIII.— THE BILIOUS EXCEPHALO-LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. Head large, and dense; back lobes broad; forehead 
round and compact; corona and hemispheres are not elevated, 
nor expanded; cerebellum rather narrow, but well developed 
downwardly, and the parietal ridge less prominent than the 
Sanguine Encephalo-Lymphatic Temperament. Body large, 
heavy set, square built, commanding in appearance, aud often 
beautiful. 

Hair is fine, brown, or auburn; eyes blue, or blueish gray; 
nose aquiline, straight, or pugged; lips tolerably thick and 
andsomely defined; $kin dark, or brown. 



60 TEMPERAMENTS. 

Character is suited to accomplish great result?, and devel- 
op great subjects, although slow in action. They are liable to 
the use of unnatural stimulants, and can hardly leave off 
their use, 

Occupations. Doctors, lawyers, statesmen, orators, and artists. 

Illustrations. Daniel Webster, Dr. Gall, Prof. Newton of 
Cincinnati, 0., Peter the Great, Hayden, historical painter, 
Margaret Prior, Louis Napoleon. 

XIV.— THE SANGUINE BILIOUS ENCEPHALO-LYMPHATIC 
TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs. The head is always above average size, and devel- 
oped in all its parts; the forehead is deep and quite quadrangu- 
lar; the back lobes are not so broad, but more elongated than 
the Sanguine Encephalo-Lymphatic, or the Bilious Encephalo- 
Lymphatic, which have foreheads as tall and broad, but not so 
deep. The body is of good size, firm, compact, square built, 
and tough. The face looks as if each part had been made sep- 
arately, and afterwards put together without losing one part in 
another, yet all parts are in harmony, although there is an ab- 
ruptness, or right angleness that marks both face and body. 

The hair mny be black, brown, sandy, or yellow; eyes blue, 
or bluish gray; nose large, and well proportioned; lips well de- 
veloped, the lower one turned out a little, and the shin general- 
ly dark, but may be florid. 

Character is the most even we have, and capable of the 
highest achievment — can go longer without food, or sleep, and 
can endure more hardships than any other class. The San- 
guine Temperament gives force and feeling — the Bilious gives 
great endurance, and motive power — the Encephalic gives 
mentality, and the Lymphatic equalizes them, and prevents 
waste, hence the greatest men the world has ever produced 
were quadra-pie — Sanguine, Bilious, Encephalic and Lymphatic. 
Yet there are some very common place persons of this temper- 
ament, generally for want of Muscular Motion, Vital Tenacity, 
and the Ambitious group. 



TEMPERAMENTS. 61 

Occupations. Any department according to Phrenological 
development. When that is favorable the quadruple is capa- 
ble of the very highest achievement, and if circumstances are 
not very favorable, he will create those that are. 

Illustrations. Napoleon Bonaparte, Alexander the Great, 
Julius Ca?sar, ex- Gov. Powell of Ky., Whitney (Pacific R. R. 
man), J. C. Breckinridge, Vice President; Frances Wright, 
Rev. Dr. Tyng of N. Y., Silas Wright of N. Y., Prof. J. P. 
Mapes, L L. D., etc. 

Remarks on Temperamental Combinations. The preced- 
ing gives a brief abstract of Dr. Powell's lectures; but I have 
satisfied myself that for very accurate Phrenological purposes 
some other combinations are necessary. He rejects the Ner- 
vous temperament as a pathological condition. Yet this abnor- 
mal state exists, and exerts a great influence over the character 
and constitution of its possessor, hence I introduce it into this 
work to aid in delineating natural abilities, and constitutional 
qualities. 

There is another condition that may be called Coarseness, or 
Fineness, that belongs to every combination, and greatly modi- 
fies the character. The coarse is the more powerful — the fine, the 
more intense, acute, and vivid. Thus: The Fine Sanguine 
Lymphatic gives more artistic power than the Coarse, while the 
Coarse gives more power, and sometimes a lewd animal nature. 
If, therefore, you have this temperament, with low mental 
excitabilitv, you should endeavor to bring your animal nature 
into subjection to your intellectual and moral faculties. 

The same is true of the Bilious Lymphatic, and Sanguine 
Bilious Lymphatic. When they are of the coarse varieties, 
they are liable to lead to wrong doing — fighting, drinking 
lewdness, vulgarity, and in the Sanguine Bilious Lymphatic, 
to the prison or the gallows. Hence while I advise every one to 
avoid all intoxicating drinks, I say to these three classes, you 
must positively abstain from alcoholic beverages, or you will 
probably become a drunken, lewd, criminal being, and be an 
outcast from society, and end your days in the poor-house, the 



62 TEMPERAMENTS. 

prison, or on the gallows. See Dr. Buckly's work on "Intem- 
perance explained Phrenologically, Physiological ly, Chemical- 
ly, Statistically, and Historically." Priee 15 cents, Longley 
Bros., Cincinnati, 0. 

This coarseness and fineness will be called Mental Activi- 
ty, and can be told by fineness of feature, hair, and organiza- 
tion, as compared with others of the same temperament. Men- 
tal Activity will be marked large when the organization \sfine, 
and small when it is coarse. 

Education. The Phrenologian can not by any Phreno- 
Physico index determine the amount of education. Yet two 
persons, organized exactly alike will differ as widely as their 
education. Hence the examiner should be informed of the 
mental discipline before he decides any very important ques- 
tion, and I therefore give the following guide for marking the 
amount of education. When it does not aid in forming char- 
acter, or disciplining mind, we mark one in the scale of seven. 
When it asserts some influence we mark it two. When it fur- 
nishes some food for thought, we mark it three. When it in- 
cludes a fair knowledge of Mathematics, Grammar, History, etc., 
we mark it four. When it includes a good knowledge of these 
branches, with Natural Philosophy, or Chemistry, or Physiol- 
ogy, we mark \tfive. When it embraces the higher branches 
of Mathematics, Chemistry, Botany, Astronomy, Geology, etc., 
it is marked six. A finished collegiate education is marked 



NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT, OR CONDITION. 

Signs. Sharp, pointed phrenological organs — uneven head, 
narrow chest, sunken cheeks, small, flabby muscles; teeth 
sharp, and liable to early decay; eyes generally bright and 
sparkling, and often sunk in the head; the nose sharp, and the 
body is often a little drooping. The hair may be of any color, 
fine, or coarse, and the eyes may be of any color, also. This 
morbid condition may be engrafted on to any temperament, or 
combination of them, and is always accompanied with morbid 



TEMPERAMENTS. 63 

mental action, vivid impressions, keen perceptions, quick con- 
clusions, and clear thought; but it lasts only a short time — can 
not endure much — gives out easily, and when exhausted is 
dull, slow, and even stupid. 

A small share of this temperamental condition gives quick- 
ness to any of the preceding combinations; and, if so guarded 
that it remains in a very slight degree, may not be very objec- 
tionable when it has a strong bilious basis. It is increased by 
close confinement at mental occupations with but little bodily 
exercise. Also by excessive or rapid eating, or eating too great 
quantities for the exercise taken, and may be diminished by 
healthy, or correct physiological habits and regularity. 

COMBINATIONS NOT GIVEN BY PROF. POWELL. 

Dr. Powell has given one combination only with each set of 
names — as Sanguine Bilious Encephalic. But these three can 
be combined variously, each producing a different character, 
and constitution, and should be known by all who desire to 
study character minutely. 

To give these combinations would require a volume, and 
could not then be exhausted; hence I will give a few directions 
how to combine them, and rules by which you may know 
their modifications. 

Rule 1. Study the signs, and character of each primary 
temperament thoroughly, and its occupation, constitution, &c. 

Rule 2. When you examine a person, ascertain what tem- 
peramental sign predominates, and set that down — see what 
other temperament stands next, and set that down a little 
weaker, and so on until you find out the combination of tem- 
peraments the person has. 

Rule 3. Ascertain whether the temperament is fine or 
coarse, that you may know whether the feelings are vivid or 
sluggish. When you do this, you will be able to know the 
difference between Sanguine Bilious Encephalic — Bilious San- 
guine Encephalic — Bilious Encephalo-Sanguine, or Sanguine 
Encephalo-Bilious, and mark them accordingly. 



64 TEMPERAMENTS. 

Rule 4. The Sanguine temperament gives force and feel- 
ing, with fleetness of emotion, and action. 

Rule 5. The Bilious gives endurance, motive power, and 
continuous action — an unyielding disposition. 

Rule 6. The Encephalic gives mental apparatus with slow, 
feeble action, and but little energy, yet great artistic ability. 

Rule 7. The Lymphatic equalizes — takes off the irritabil- 
ty of the Bilious or Nervous, and some of the Sanguine. 

Rule 8. Education disciplines, trains and invigorates all. 

Rule 9. Fineness intensifies, elevates, purifies and ennobles 
— coarseness gives power without refinement. 

Application of these Rules. When the Bilious Temper- 
ament is strong, with considerable Encephalic, we have a per- 
son who is capable of great mental action, and long endurance 
in sedentary habits, because the cerebellum is rather feeble, 
and but little inclination to motion, and active pursuits; but 
it seldom gives great oratory for want of the Sanguine, yet it 
gives great thinkers, excellent writers, and good teachers. 

The Sanguine Encephalo-Bilious temperament gives artistic 
ability, and when the Sanguine is strong, the Encephalic medi- 
um, and the Bilious moderate, there is musical and oratorical 
ability; as Patrick Henry. But when the Encephalic is strong, 
and the Sanguine and Bilious moderate, there will be a capacity 
for great scholarship, and often brilliant writing abilities, as 
may be seen in Joseph C. Neal, Prof. Tholuck, Dr. A. Combe, 
Freeman Hunt, Edgar A. Poe, Captain Knight, Mrs. Phebe 
Coleman, &c. 

The same is true of other combinations — each element does 
its share according to its strength. When the Nervous element 
is present with the primary temperaments, and some Encepha- 
lic, it gives great vividness, intensity, ardor, and vehemence 
that so often belong to the orator, and often makes an orator 
where the organization on which it is founded would not pro- 
duce one without it; as seen in Isaac N. Walter, of the Sanguine 
Bilious Encephalic Nervous Temperament; Spencer K. Cone, 



TEMPERAMENTS. 65 

D. D., of Bilious Sanguine Nervous Temperament, the Bilious 
being quite strong, with a scarcely perceptible trace of the En- 
cephalic; Louis Kossuth, a Sanguine Bilious Nervous, with a 
small trace of Encephalic Temperament, and John B. Gough, 
who was Sanguine Bilious Nervous. [Portraits of these per- 
sons are scattered through the Phrenological Journal, and 
Phrenological Almanacs by Fowler & Wells, and the reader 
for a dollar can get all of the back almanacs for seventeen years. 
Address Fowler & Wells, N. Y.] 

Other Conditions. There are other things that have great 
influence in modifying mental action, such as Health, Vital 
Vigor, Vital Tenacity, It requires considerable skill to know 
all these, yet they may be determined by observation, and 
should be noticed in giving descriptions of character. 

Health is essential to great, or continued mental action, and 
although observation can determine the general health, it can 
not tell how long the applicant for examination has been sick, 
or healthy; and as sickness during the first years of life may 
blunt the mental powers and prevent their full development, 
the examiner should know it, and act accordingly. 

One in whom Vital Vigor is great may live apparently in 
the best of health, act vigorously, drive ahead in business, and 
manifest great powers of mind and body — no one dreaming 
that he is short-lived. 

One in whom Vital Tenacity is great, and Vital Vigor small 
will manifest but little vigor; drag along week after week, as 
if each day was his last, yet endure hardships that would ap- 
pal more rugged natures, and live for years before he will givo 
way, or yield to the demand of the king of terrors. 

Vital Tenacity. This organic condition may be known 
by the following measurement: Draw a line from the spinous 
process of the occipital bone, to the external angular process 
of the supra-orbital ridge (external angle of the eye, to that 
little sharp knot on the back of the head, easily found in most 
heads.) Then measure from the opening of the ear (meatus) 
6 



66 TEMPERAMENTS. 

up to that line, and the distance shows the depth of the base 
of the brain on which length of life depends. 

This sign of longevity was discovered by Prof. Powell, and 
confirmed on a vast number of skulls (400) in his possession. 
He thinks that half an inch indicates average life after leaving 
out infant mortality and medical mal-practice. 

To ascertain what that average is, I have visited graveyards 
in various parts of the country, — taken down the age of all in 
each burying-ground, and after deducting all infants under five 
years old, the average is 38 years. 

When the measurement is less than one-quarter of an inch 
a person cannot live two years under any treatment, and if the 
measurement is three-quarters of an inch, or more, the person 
has the capacity to live to old age, (accidents and excessive 
exposure excepted.) 

But a person can improve this organic condition by proper 
modes of living. Merely taking bodily exercise, good diet, 
rest, and bathing, will give vital vigor. But Vita) Tenacity 
can be increased only by assuming responsibilities, cares, anxie- 
ties, or mental burdens within the bounds of exhaustion. 
Hence the mentally indolent with medium Yital Tenacity 
stands but a poor chance of long life, while one with the same 
amount, with ambition, active mind, and cares and responsibil- 
ities stands a fair chance for old age. Years ago I noticed that 
industrious Congressmen, business men of venturesome dispo- 
sitions, men in financial embarrassment (unless burdened to 
excess) carried their age well, and mostly enjoyed good health, 
while those who were sons of rich men, and others who take 
their ease, and avoid trouble, seldom live to old age, or enjoy 
good health. This was a matter of simple observation with 
me — nothing more. 

L. A. Hine, Esq., by a process of pure reason, came to the 
same conclusion, as he told me in Dec. 1856. In studying on 
health he came to the conclusion that no organ, or class of 
organs should be worked exclusively, while others were idle, — 



TEMPERAMENT. 67 

that action is necessary to that harmony which constitutes 
health, hence if a man failed to use his brain from any cause, 
short life or imperfect health, will be the result. 

But Prof. Powell, by scientific discovery ascertained that the 
organic conditions of longevity are the depth of the base of 
the brain, and that mental burdens and responsibilities alone 
can increase these conditions and insure long life. [See Dr. 
Powell's History of the Human Temperaments referred to in 
preceding pages, where you can find a full description of Vital 
Tenacity.] 

You see that the observation of one, — the reason of another, 
and the scientific discovery of another lead us to the same 
conclusion, viz.: That the mentally indolent can not reasonably ex- 
pect as long life as the mentally industrious. „ 

Vital Vigor may be known by width of head, — a good di- 
gestive apparatus, large muscles, and a vigorous look and life, 
and may, or may not accompany Vital Tenacity. 

Persons with this condition generally have every appearance 
of good health and great vigor, but are often liable to attacks 
of acute forms o£ disease, and in the absence of large Vital 
Tenacity may be carried off almost in the midst of health by 
an apparently moderate attack of disease, and the people all 
wonder without enquiring into the cause of this strange cir- 
cumstance. [For full particulars refer to the above mentioned 
work of Dr. Powell.] 

Illustrations. I measured the head of a young man in 
Hamilton county, 0., and found Vital Tenacity about gone. 
He died in two days! I measured a corpse in the same county 
and found it gone. Dr. M. of Indiana, found eleven of his 
neighbors who had less than one-quarter of an inch each, and 
although they were all in moderate health seven of them died 
in one year — another by a light fall terminated his life — the 
others I have not heard from. I measured a boy who fell and 
crippled himself badly — he had nearly an inch, — and he re- 
covered. Prof. Newton says it holds good in every case, or 



68 TEMPERAMENT. 

nearly so. Vital Vigor can be increased by bodily exercise 
alone, hence those who do not work or exercise their bodies 
will lack this desirable quality; although they may be tough 
and live long they cannot be as vigorous and useful as they 
can with this condition large. By this you may infer that 
both mental and bodily toil are necessary to a vigorous, long, 
useful and happy life; the mental or physically indolent may 
act accordingly. 

Kemember, you hard-laboring man who will not read, attend 
scientific lectures, or think for yourself — remember there is no 
substitute, no patent lease on life. You must use your brain, 
or shorten life. And you, Mr. Hardthinker, who will not even 
walk from your office to your meals, — cut your own wood, — 
curry your own horse, or hoe your own garden; — you and your 
neighbor, Mr. Too-good-to-work, both please to remember that 
there is but one result you can reasonably expect — viz.: a loss 
of vigor and usefulness which will correspondingly abridge your 
happiness! 

Early last fall Prof. Powell told two young men their time 
for this world was short. They laughed at the time, but in a 
few weeks one sickened and died. The other died to-day, 
May 1st, 1857! A book-seller in this city, was told he could 
not live two years. He died in eleven months. A physician 
recently said that but few recovered from severe acute attacks 
when they had less than half an inch. The proof becomes 
stronger every day. 

Note. In cut No. 3, p. 35, the line running from the corner of 
the eye to fig. 6 shows where the measure should be taken to 
ascertain the amount of Vital Tenacity. When less than half 
an inch you should be very careful not to indulge in needless 
exposure, as a severe spell of sickness might carry you off. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 69 

ANALYSIS OF MENTAL FACULTIES. 

ORDER I. AFFECTIVE FACULTIES. 

This order embraces all those faculties of mind that originate 
our passions, emotions, and desires, and produce most of our 
happiness or misery. When roused they frequently rush into 
powerful action without listening to the warning of the intel- 
lectual faculties. The most contradictory feelings of our na- 
ture, from the exalted emotions of religion and poetry, down 
to sordid avarice and corroding lust, spring from this order. 
These organs famish incentives to industry; give us domestic 
bliss , create feelings of protection, love of business, sociability 
and artistic skill and ability. They are located in that part of 
the head mostly covered by the hair and are divided into 
three Genera; viz: Societary Propensities, Protective Propen- 
sities, and Societary Sentiments. Cut 1, behind the heavy line 
in front of Xos. 8 and 9. 

GEXUS I.-SOCIETARY PROPENSITIES. 

These mental powers stimulate the other faculties to action, 
impart force and energy, and give that efficiency which enables 
man to surmount difficulties. They impart vigor, activity, in- 
dustry, love of home, wife, children, friends and country, and 
impart a forcible, impulsive, go-ahead disposition. 

When large and perverted, they make man a selfish animal, 
and originate lust, uncleanness, fornication, vulgar conversation, 
and fondness for lewd society. They are located in the back 
part of the head, and are divided into two species, viz: Animo- 
Yital Forces, and Domestic Faculties. Cut 1, Nos. 1 and 2. 

Species 1st. — Ammo- Vital Group. 
These powers originate life, procreate offspring, and perpet- 
uate the race. They furnish their possessor with life, energy, 



70 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

love of motion, and the power of sensation. They hare much 
to do with the lungs and skin, consumption, rheumatism, apo- 
plexy, epilepsy, palsy, gout, erysipelas, congestion of the brain, 
etc. This species is divided into three varieties, as follows: 
Amativeness, Muscular Motion, and Animal Sensibility. 

They are located in the cerebellum, and when large give 
great width between the ears at the base of the skull behind, 
and a thick neck, and vice versa. Cut 1, No. 1. 

1. AMATIVENESS. Sexual instinct, desire for sexual con- 
gress. Adapted to the continuance of the race. It gives re- 
spect for the opposite sex, and in its natural action has a refin- 
ing influence, and produces gallantry. 

Abuse. Lust, vulgarity, licentiousness, seduction, fornica- 
tion, self-pollution, etc., etc. 

Small. Has not much sexual desire, controls it easily. 
J Average. Considerable sexual desire, but controls it easily. 

Large. Is fond of the opposite sex, apt to be a favorite 
with them; serves them cheerfully; when not governed by the 
higher faculties may lead to impurity of thought and conduct. 

Combinations. Small Amativeness with large muscular 
motion and animal sensibility may not be wanting in sexual 
power, yet there may be little desire, and the person will be 
wanting in politeness and gallantry, and will not marry except 
for the labor, riches, or influence of a companion, and may be 
chaste as snow! 

Large Amativeness, and small muscular motion, and animal 
sensibility will be liable to become a masturbator, or be injured 
by the excessive indulgence of this passion. When all the 
cerebellar organs are large, their excitement may be expended 
in action, and their owner be chaste in thought, word and deed; 
with small ideality, conscientiousness, and large cerebellum, 
we have the libertine; large Amativeness, social, moral and 
domestic organs give fondness for home, family, and society, 
and with the artistic group and Approbativeness large will love 
beauty, music, dress, neatness, and refinement in friends and 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 71 

family. Amativeness large, with feeble muscular motion and 
animal sensibility, often gives imbecility, paralysis, etc. 

Cultivation. Go into the society of the opposite sex, be 
polite to them, and serve them in every proper manner. 

Restraint. When this power is excessive, avoid the socie- 
ty and as far as possible all thoughts of the opposite sex. Read 
no novel or exciting love tale. Use no highly seasoned food, 
tea, coffee, tobacco, or condiments, — indulge the intellectual 
and moral faculties to the extent of their healthy action, and 
by abundant exercise cultivate the organ of muscular motion. 

Location. Divide the cerebellum into five nearly equal 
parts, and the middle one(which should be largest) is Amative- 
ness, and gives fullness to that part of the neck — when feeble 
it gives smallness to the middle of the neck, and with the oth- 
er cerebellar organs large makes the neck flat. 

2. MUSCULAR MOTION, gives fondness for exercise, ac- 
tion, motiou, disposes to be constantly busy at something, and 
is the chief source of industry. It is indispensable to the ex- 
ecution of the function of Amativeuess, — gives power of resis- 
tance, and is the source of the sense of touch. 

Abuse. Restlessness — a fidgety, uneasy, continual action, 
and an aversion to be quiet, or to study. 

Small. Is lazy, idle, indolent — a natural do-nothing, — de- 
ficient in force of character, and dislikes exercise. 

Average. Is tolerably fond of action; may be quite indus- 
trious, and with proper motives to action will be always busy; 
can endure considerable fatigue, and is quite forcible in char- 
acter. 

Large. Has great love of action; delights in exercise, and 
hates close confinement — cannot brook sedentary pursuits: will 
have exercise; has great force of character; can undergo great 
bodily exercise without fatigue; is hard to tire out, and often 
has great strength. 

Combinations. Small Muscular Motion gives a feeble chest 
generally, and when small a large intellect will often be good 



72 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

for nothing, because of the dislike to action; has but little in- 
dustry, and with a small ambitious group will be perfectly des- 
titute of high, or noble aspirations; with large Amativeness it 
gives the onanist or masturbator, but when Muscular Motion 
is large, the lad who has been taught this disgusting vice will 
voluntarily abandon it. 

Large Muscular Motion, Amativeness, Self-Esteem, and 
small Moral Powers, makes one ambitious, aspiring, and dicta- 
torial, — but full of life, action, energy and industry, and gener- 
ally drives his business. 

Cultivation. To cultivate Muscular Motion, take much 
exercise, — run, jump, hop, dance, skate, plow, saw or chop 
wood, make rails, plane boards — anything that will give the 
most healthy action. 

Bestraint. Avoid great exertion, and an active life. This 
is not often required; but when it gives great aversion to study 
and prevents one from being a scholar, we should force self to 
be still, and study some every day. 

Located on each side of Amativeness; it gives width to the 
neck, when large; the neck is narrow when the organ is small. 

3. ANIMAL SENSIBILITY, gives power to distinguish 
atmospheric changes, and a desire for agreeable impressions. 
Without this faculty there could be neither success nor enjoy- 
ment in the sexual embrace, and the race would become ex- 
tinct. It also subjects one to take cold, and renders one par- 
tially incapable of exposure. 

Abuse. A disposition to be too particular; an uneasiness 
about changes of air, — liability to nurse yourself. 

Small. Perceives atmospheric changes with difficulty, and 
seldom takes cold, but is then hard to cure. 

Average. Has a tolerable perception of atmospheric chan- 
ges; may sometimes take cold, and is moderately hard to cure. 

Large. Has a very keen perception of atmospheric changes; 
very subject to colds, which are easily thrown off but easily 
contracted again, and is liable to contract disease of the skin, 
which is also easily cured. 






MENTAL FACULTIES. 73 

Combinations which most affect persons in connection with 
Animal Sensibility, are Amativeness and Muscular Motion, 
and these mostly with reference to disease. When Muscular 
Motion and Animal Sensibility are large, their possessor is 
liable to acute rheumatism, erysipelatious inflammation, a lia- 
bility to, and progress in cancerous disease, and congestion of 
the brain which may terminate in apoplexy, epilepsy or palsy. 
But when these organs are small there is liability to passive 
congestion, convulsions, chronic hydrocephalus, tubercular dis- 
ease of the lungs, etc. 

[I will here state that I am not a verbatim reporter, and I 
lost some forms of disease which Dr. Powell says attend the 
size of the cerebellum. But he referred to " The Eclectic 
Practice of Medicine," by Prof. Powell, and Prof. Newton, 
where a full explanation may be found, — it is truly a valuable 
work, especially for the close student. I refer to the Theory 
of Disease — I have not examined the part that refers to Prac^ 
tice, hence I can say nothing about it. 

In the preceding notes I may not have stated Dr. Powell's 
ideas precisely. Since he gave the lectures above referred to, 
he told me that when Muscular Motion is feeble, we have con- 
sumption, passive congestion, etc., and when it is large with 
deficient exercise, we have pulmonary congestion, cerebral apo- 
plexy, hemorrhage, gout, etc. — J. G. B.] 

Cultivation. Cleanliness and friction of the skin by fre- 
quent bathing will cultivate this organ which should be active. 

Restraint is seldom required. When too large, cultivate 
the other two cerebellar organs, and with proper exercise, air, 
bathing, etc., harden the system, and you need no other restraint. 

Located outside of Muscular Motion near the mastoid pro- 
cess, and when large gives width to the neck, and vice versa. 

These three organs measure the procreative power, but Am- 
ativeness alone gives the desire for sexual congress, yet when 
not well sustained by the other two, it often leaves its possessor 
impotent. 
7 



74 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Species 2d. Domestic Group. 

These powers give fondness for domestic life, — make us love 
home, wife, children, friends, and parents. They also give 
energy, force, or a disposition to go ahead, — take long steps, 
write a leaning hand and be far-reaching in everything. This 
species is divided intone varieties: — Philoprogenitiveness, Pa- 
rentiveness, Inhabitiveness, Adhesiveness, and Gregariousness. 

The organs of these faculties are located in the posterior, in- 
ferior, (back and lower) part of the cerebrum, above the cere- 
bellum, and when large they give an elongated, broad back 
head — reverse when small. See cut 1, No. 2. 

4. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. Love of children, pets, 
or young animals; large in women who have the faculty 
stronger, take more interest in children, and do more for them 
than men do. 

Abuse. Wasting time with children, by petting them. 

Small. Bears little from, and takes no interest in children; 
cares nothing for pets or small animals, except for profit. 

Average. Is neither indifferent about, nor very fond of 
very young children; directed by other faculties. 

Large. Is a kind parent; loves children generally; is a fa- 
vorite with, and indulges them freely; apt to spoil them. 

Combinations. Small philoprogenitiveness, with large 
combativeness and resentfulness, make one cross and ill to- 
wards children, and with large destructiveness added, make 
one cruel and severe to them; but with philoprogenitiveness 
large, and these organs also large, one will love and govern 
children well, yet at times may be severe, and harsh, and with 
large benevolence, sympathy, and a small intellect, will correct 
children too severely, but pet and make up with them after- 
ward and thus spoil them; with large philoprogenitiveness, 
and small combativeness, resentfulness, destructiveness, and 
intellect, will be too easy with them; idolize, and spoil them; 
and with large continuity, be inconsolable with their loss; 
with small firmness may be governed by them — cannot man- 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 75 

age them properly; with large philoprogenitiveness and a large 
intellect will desire their mental improvement, — but with a 
feeble intellect and large approbativeness, ideality, and neat- 
ness, will care more for their appearance than for their educa- 
tion; with large acquisitiveness added will prefer leaving 
them rich to having them well-instructed; with large muscu- 
lar motion added will enslave himself for his children. 

Cultivation. Exercise it; make much of children; nurse 
them, play with them, tell them stories, — teach them all you 
can that is useful, be kind to them, sympathize with them. 

Restraint. This can be done best by the cultivation of 
other faculties, but it may be done by taking less notice of 
them, and keeping out of their company. 

Location. Above amativeness. Or it rests on the ten- 
torium, on each side of the falx cerebri, beneath the occipital 
protuberance within the lamdoidal suture. 

5. PARENTIVENESS. Love of parents. It gives rise to 
a love of those who protect and take care of us in sickness. 

Abuse. Disposition to sacrifice unnecessarily for parents. 

Small. Cares little for parents; allows them to suffer for 
the necessaries of life, and tries to get their property from them. 

Average. Considerable regard for, and will not allow pa- 
rents to suffer, unless oppressed with cares and burdens. 

Large. Loves parents fondly, hates to be away from them, 
serves them cheerfully and is unhappy when they suffer. 

Combinations. Small parentiveness with large acquisitive- 
ness will begrudge parents everything they have, let them suf- 
fer for want of life's necessaries, neglect them, and with large 
resentfulness, is cross and spiteful towards them, with large 
combativeness abuses them, and with large continuity added 
will resent a supposed injury years after it happened, and with 
large firmness and self-esteem, and small conscientiousness 
and intellectual faculties will be haughty, tyrannical, overbear- 
ing and dictatorial to them. 

Large parentiveness with large benevolence, will give 



76 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

parents every comfort in their power : with large continuity 
cannot forget them ; with large adhesiveness cannot be sepa- 
rated from them ; with large intellectual faculties, will furnish 
them books, papers, etc.; with large moral powers will furnish 
them with moral books, instruction, etc. 

Cultivation. Take care of, and be kind to, your parents ; 
do not leave them alone when helpless, nor hire another to at- 
tend them for you. 

Eestraint. The superior faculties, rightly cultivated, will 
restrain parentiveness enough. 

Location. Each side of philoprogenitiveness, above mus- 
cular motion, below gregariousness and back of vitativeness. 

6. INHABITIVENESS. Love of home, and country. 

Abuse. Home-sickness — inability to remain from home. 

Small. Cares little for home ; is never home-sick. 

Average. Has a fair regard for home ; can easily change for 
business ; not strongly bound to any location. 

Large. Loves home and country very much ; moves reluct- 
antly, and is liable to be home-sick. 

Combinations. Small inhabitiveness, philoprogenitiveness, 
adhesiveness, amativeness, and large locality, will be a rambler, 
and with large ideality will travel to see the beautiful, and with 
large wonder and destructiveness added, with delight in the 
vast, grand, sublime and terrible, and see grandeur in a bloody 
battle ; with large watchfulness, analogy, individuality, form, 
and eventuality, is seldom taken in by rogues while traveling. 

Large inhabitiveness, philoprogenitiveness, adhesiveness and 
amativeness loves home and its endearments ; with large 
ideality will ornament a home ; with the defensive and ambi- 
tious groups large, will defend and protect home, and country ; 
with large continuity will be very liable to become home-sick 
when from home : with large locality will love to take short, 
or quick journeys ; with small ideality, neatness and ambitious 
faculties, and large continuity, and acquisitiveness, and a coarse 
temperament, will live in an inferior house, rather than im- 
prove or beautify it. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 77 

Cultivation. Remain at, and make home attractive with 
all that can gratify your nature, and it will soon become lovely. 

Restraint. Gro from home much ; seek your enjoyments 
abroad; call in reason to control home-sickness, and ask the 
aid of your acquisitiveness where interest demands traveling. 

Location, Beneath the posterior superior angles of the 
parietal bones, and on each side of the messiel line above philo- 
progenitiveness. It is less in men than in women ; and in dogs 
than in cats ; small in the American head generally, and uni- 
formly large in Swiss people. 

7. ADHESIVENESS. Attachment, friendship—source of 
Marriage. 

Abuse. Inability to break an attachment, however unworthy, 
and apt to form attachments for unworthy objects. 

Small. Lacks friendship ; out of sight, out of mind. 

Average. Likes friends ; will not sacrifice much for them ; 
does as we are done by, rather than as we wish to be done by. 

Large. Forms strong, and often hasty, attachments ; clings 
to friends when others forsake them ; a friend in time of need. 

Combinations. With adhesiveness small, and acquisitive- 
ness large, will pay more attention to business than to friends ; 
be too stingy to support a wife ; will marry for riches ; with 
large combativeness, and resentfulness, is easily offended with 
friends ; with small philoprogenitiveness will abuse children ; 
with large benevolence, and small acquisitiveness, will aid 
friends freely ; with philoprogenitiveness large, will be strongly 
attached to children, and take an interest in their welfare ; with 
moderate acquisitiveness, and large social powers, loves to enter- 
tain friends ; add large alimentiveness, and he loves to feast 
with friends on the best ; add large hydrativeness, and he loves 
to drink with friends, and should be cautious about what is in- 
dulged in ; with large language, loves to converse with friends; 
with a large intellect, is a very instructive friend ; with large 
approbativeness dreads the rebuke of friends, but loves their 
applause ; with large mimicry and imitation, will copy their 



78 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

actions, and conduct ; with large watchfulness will be liable to 
be jealous of friends, or a companion ; with large ideality, 
moral powers, and intellectual faculties, will choose refined, 
intelligent, and moral friends; and with large amativeness, in- 
habit} veness, and philoprogenitiveness, desires early marriage 
with a refined, moral, intelligent, companion ; with large grega- 
riousness will become attached to some clan. 

Cultivation. Exercise the faculty — form worthy attach- 
ments, and cherish them ; lay aside business for friends ; enter- 
tain them, and add to their happiness all you can. 

Restraint. Do not allow adhesiveness to rob you of time 
that should be given to business, or to squander time or money 
on friends unnecessarily — let reason govern. 

Location. On the middle, posterior portion of the parietal 
bone, external to inbabitiveness, below approbativeness, and in- 
ternal to gregariousness. 

8. GBEGARIOUSNESS. A disposition to adhere to a 
clan, party or society. It makes animals herd together. The 
fox, magpie, eagle, owl and hawk, are attached for life, but do 
not herd together, and they have adhesiveness large, and gre- 
gariousness small ; but the crow, pigeon, chicken, quail, 
partridge, goose, horse, cow, buffalo, deer, elk, sheep, etc., go in 
herds, but are not attached for life, and they have adhesiveness 
small, and gregariousness large. 

Abuse. Clanishness : too great fondness for a club, party, 
order, or sect — sacrifices for them. 

Small. Opposed to clans, or parties ; may belong from 
other motives. 

Average. Has some love of clans, clubs, and societies, but 
can see their faults ; allows no one to rule his conscience. 

Large. Very fond of clans, parties, etc.; can hardly keep 
aloof from them ; will labor cheerfully for his party or sect. 

Combinations. Small gregariousness, with large adhesive- 
ness, amativeness, and continuity, will be inclined to unite for 
life, and be select in attachment — but the kind of companion 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 79 

will be such as will please other faculties ; with large acquisi- 
tiveness will not give anything to support a party, clan, or club, 
and with small firmness, and continuity, will leave one party 
for another. Large gregariousness, with small adhesiveness, 
continuity, and philoprogenitiveness, and large amativeness, will 
be very gregarious in all attachments — capable of loving several 
equally well at the same time ; with small conscientiousness and 
large amativeness, will be rather promiscuous in amatory 
matters, and not be as pure as a snow-flake ; with large adhe- 
siveness, moral powers, ideality, neatness, and intellectual facul- 
ties, will select but few friends or lovers ; form strong attach- 
ments to them, and they must be intelligent, moral, pure, chaste, 
ideal, neat, and lovely; with large secretiveness will be attached 
to secret societies ; with large approbativeness, ideality, color, 
neatness, and small acquisitiveness, love the regalia, decorations 
and display of his order ; with large self-esteem and approba- 
tiveness, loves to rule some clan ; with large gregariousness, 
adhesiveness, self-esteem, firmness, approbativeness, combative- 
ness, destructiveness, intellect, and a large head, can govern an 
army or clan to advantage, and delights in it ; but with large 
gregariousness, and adhesiveness, and small ideality, and 
morality, and a moderate intellect, will delight to rule a clan of 
the lower order. 

This faculty and its combinations will account philosophically 
for all the free love and free lust about which the public has been 
so long agitated, and the inconstancy of husbands and wives* 

Cultivation. Select your " chums," join your clans, parties, 
orders, or societies ; rniDgle with a select few only ; avoid 
general society. 

Restraint. You may restrain it if you go into general 
society, avoid parties and clans, have no special chums, make 
friends with all worthy of you, and refuse to be exclusive. 

Location. On the posterior portions of the parietal bones, 
laterally to adhesiveness ; above parentiveness, back of com- 
bativeness, and below resentfulness. 



80 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Eemarks. These two groups constitute the societary pro- 
pensities. They bring the sexes into each other's society ; 
originate attachments between them ; eventuate in offspring, 
give love for them ; affection for parents — a desire for home 
and the loved ones, and a disposition to surround them with 
friends or a select company; but they are not for general society, 
they are purely domestic. Those located in the cerebellum 
give a fondness for exercise, and an ability to distinguish atmos- 
pheric changes. A large chest and a large cerebellum go 
together — hence Dr. Powell calls them the Animo-Vital Forces, 
because they are the sources of life, motion, and sensation, and 
necessary to the continuance of the race. 

GENCJS II.— PROTECTIVE PROPENSITIES. 

These organs are protective because they are all necessary to 
protect self, and loved ones, against the causes of suffering, 
hunger, danger, and premature death. They give motives of 
policy, management, scheming, and considerable energy, but 
not of a continued kind. Their natural, unperverted action 
gives bravery, courage, promptness, care, prudence, economy, 
etc.; provide for many of our animal wants, and are closely 
related to the body. 

When perverted they lead to gluttony, drunkenness, anger, 
wrath, malice, cruelty, cunning, petulence, irritability, jealousy, 
cowardice, fraud, theft, robbery, piracy, war, and murder. 

They are located around, and above, the ears, and give width 
to the head. They are divided into four species, viz : The 
Yegito-Yital Forces — The Defensive Faculties — Business Facul- 
ties, and Guardian Faculties. See Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, in cut 1. 

Species 1st. — Vegito- Vital Group. 
As the Animo-Vital Forces originate life, etc., so the Vegito- 
Vital Forces give & desire for that sustenance necessary to 
continue it, and which is the first essential to protection. The 
body would soon perish if it was not for air, water, and food, 
and the Vegito-Vital Forces give the desire for these things. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 81 

The Domestic Faculties then say : " Your helpless loved ones 
need the same things." Hence, the desire for these things re- 
minds us of this means of protection, and we furnish them for 
our dependents. 

They are located in front of the ear, and very slightly above 
it, and when large give fulness to that part of the head, but a 
flatness when small. See No. 3, cut 1. 

It is divided into Area varieties, viz: Pneumativeness, Hydra- 
tiveness, and Alimentiveness. 

We could live fifty days without solid food if well supplied 
with air and water, yet food is necessary to existence; and we 
have been furnished with a faculty to give us a desire for it. 
Without water we would perish in about twenty days, hence 
we have been furnished with a faculty to make us desire it. 
Without air we could survive but a few minutes, and of course 
need a faculty to give the desire for air — Pneumativeness is 
that faculty. 

9. PNEUMATIVENESS. Love of air; and desire for an 
abundance of it; gives a disposition to smother easily; cannot 
live in a close room. 

Abuse. Disposition to excessive ventilation ; imaginary 
danger of suffocating. 

Small. Has but little demand for air; can live in a tight 
room, shop, car, or omnibus — is hard to smother; pays little 
attention to ventilation. 

Average. Requires considerable pure air; would rather 
work out of doors, and suffers when deprived of plenty of air. 

Large. Is easily suffocated for want of air; hates close 
houses; loves to have well ventilated rooms, and detects im- 
purities in the atmosphere. 

Combinations. Small pneumativeness, gregariousness, mus- 
cular motion, and social group, with large intellect, will love 
sedentary, intellectual occupations, dislike active, open air life, 
and may injure health for the want of it. Large pneumative- 
ness and domestic group, will see that bed-rooms, and school- 



82 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

houses are well ventilated; with large muscular motion will 
demand an active, out door life; with large language, will love to 
speak in open air; with large animo-vital forces, language, in- 
tellect, and a sanguine-encephalic — sanguine-encephalo-bilious, 
bilious- encephalo lymphatic, — or a quadruple temperament, 
may be a natural orator, and a fine lecturer; with large time, 
melody, and harmony, and a sanguine-lymphatic — bilious-lym- 
phatic, or a sanguine-bilious-lymphatic temperament, may be a 
good musician. 

Cultivation. Keep an open window; avoid tight rooms; 
exercise in open air; breathe deep, and you will soon demand it. 

Restraint. Let intellect teach you that you are not smoth- 
ering when you are not, and you need no other restraint. 

Location. At the base of the middle lobes of the brain, in 
front of the ear, below alimentiveness. 

This faculty is so large in some that they can detect the 
slightest impure air the moment they enter the room — others 
cannot notice it at all. 

10. HYDRATIVENESS. Love of fluids, fondness for 
bathing, swimming, etc., and a desire to be about water. Has 
been called Bibativeness and Aquativeness. 

Abuse. Excessive drinking, bathing and drunkenness. 

Small. Cares but little for water, seldom bathes, and seems 
not to need it. 

Average. Drinks freely after copious perspiration, enjoys 
bathing at times, yet is apt to neglect it, and is not over fond 
of it at best. 

Large. Drinks much and often, is of a thirsty nature, a 
dear lover of swimming, bathing, etc., and is greatly benefited 
by the use of water. 

Combinations. Small hydrativeness, with large caution, 
dreads a journey on water, and is afraid of drowning; with 
small ideality, can see no beauty in waterfalls, cascades, etc., — 
with large alimentiveness, loves solid better than liquid food; 
with large firmness and self-esteem, will never be a drunkard, 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 83 

or a wine bibber. Large hydrativeness with moderate caution, 
enjoys swimming and sailing; with large ideality is passion- 
ately fond of waterfalls and water scenery; with large grega- 
riousness and adhesiveness, loves to drink with brother clans- 
men; and with the social group also large, will be fond of con- 
vivial parties; with large approbativeness, loves to treat the 
company, and with a sanguine lymphatic, a bilious lymphatic, 
or a sanguine bilious-lymphatic temperament and small firm- 
ness, will be in danger of being a drunkard. If in addition to 
this combination, the base and top are well developed with 
short back lobes, there is great danger of being a drunkard; if 
combativeness, resentfulness and destructiveness be added, will 
be liable to commit murder under the influence of liquor. 

Cultivation. Learn to know when to drink, and attend to 
it whether you are thirsty or not. Bathe often — every day — 
and you will cultivate it to a healthy, normal action. 

Restraint. Abstain from all drinks except water and milk, 
and drink them in moderation, and you need fear no danger. 

Location. In front of alimentiveness, and pneumativeness, 
and below constructiveness. It is open to observation and has 
yet to be confirmed. [Probable.] 

11. ALIMENTIVENESS. Appetite for food; the feeding 
instinct — desire for nutriment — cause of hunger. 

Abuse. Gluttony, rapid and excessive eating, improper 
kinds of food, or at improper times. 

Small. Cares little what he eats — rather a poor appetite- 
hard to please. 

Average. Can easily govern his appetite; is not greedy 
nor a gormandizer, yet enjoys food, and eats to live. 

Large. Has a hearty relish for food, and is prone to eat 
too much; needs some restraint, and is fond of a good table. 

Combinations. Small alimentiveness, with small percep- 
tives, does not notice what, or with whom one eats; with poor 
eventuality, forgets what is eaten; with large social organs and 
large language, enjoys table talk better than the food; with 



84 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

large acquisitiveness, starves to lay up money, and lays in a 
poor supply of poor food for future use. Large alimentive- 
ness, with large individuality and eventuality, both notices 
and remembers what is on, and who is at the table; with neat- 
ness large, must have clean linen, plates, costume, etc., and can 
not enjoy food from uncleanly appearing furniture; but with 
neatness small, cares less for "the appearance than for the quan- 
tity; with domestic organs large, loves to eat with the family; 
with social faculties large, delights to eat with friends; with 
large acquisitiveness and domestic faculties, lays in plentiful- 
ly for the "loved ones at home;" and with large intellect, "eats 
to live, and does not live to eat." 

Cultivation. When there is danger of neglecting to take 
nourishment, you may pamper it with dainties, favorite dishes, 
and regularity. Let knowledge command and make it obey. 

Eesteaint. When this power is excessive it leads to glut- 
tony and all its consequences, — dyspesia, torpid liver and 
bowels, diarrhce, constipation, piles, etc., and should be re- 
strained by slow eating, fine chewing, regularity, and avoid 
favorite dishes and fluids at meal time. 

Location. In front of the top of the ear, extending very 
little above it. 

Bpecies 2nd. Defensive Group. 

This group of faculties merely gives love of life, and defends 
us against that which would endanger it or its enjoyments. 
They act as other faculties may dictate, but always in defence. 
They give courage, boldness, spirit, resolution and bravery; but 
when perverted, make one captious, quarrelsome, irritable, 
passionate, and give rise to anger, contention and ill-nature. 

They are located behind the ear, in front of the domestic 
group, next to parentiveness, gregariousness, and approba- 
tiveness. See p. 30, cut 1, No. 4. It is divided into three va- 
rieties, viz: Vitativeness, Combativeness and Resentfulness. 

12. VITATIVENESS. Love of life, fear of death. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 85 

Abuse. Unnecessary fear about dying, and anxiety about 
life and health. 

Small. Has little regard for life, takes no pains to preserve 
it; lives for the enjoyment of other faculties; has but little 
dread of death. 

Average. Takes some care of health; loves life for its own 
sake, but not with great earnestness; has but little fear of death. 

Large. Great desire to live, dreads death; takes care of 
health, preserves life, and clings to existence for its own sake. 

Combinations. Small vitativeness, with large domestic pow- 
ers, loves life for the sake of family; with large hope, has no 
dread of death; with small domestic and social faculties, cares 
nothing for life; large vitativeness, with small hope, faith, and 
causality, and large cautiousness, dreads death, and clings to 
life with desperation; with large hope, faith, causality, and 
moderate cautiousness, has no dread of death, loves life for 
life's uses, expects immortality; with large moral and social 
organs, and a good intellect, will be a friend to humanity, and 
do much to render life a blessing to all mankind. Small, or 
moderate vitativeness and causality, with large analogy and 
comparison, may become an atheist, because they care nothing 
for immortality, and noc being able to comprehend infinite 
causation, deny God and immortality. 

Cultivation. When this organ is small, and one is careless 
of life, it should be cultivated. Do all you can to enjoy all 
your faculties and render life happy and sweet. Cherish a 
desire to live as long as you can live happy; and strive daily 
to promote all these objects. 

Restraint. When the organ is large it is sometimes ac- 
companied by a morbid love of life, and a terrible dread of 
death. Exercise your reason, and let it teach you your true 
relations to this world and the next; live in harmony with all 
your relations, discharge all your real duties, so that reason 
and conscience will approve, and death will cease to be terrible. 

Location. Behind the ear above the opening, beneath the 



86 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

mastoid process. It is hard to determine its size by the width 
of the head, because the process varies in thickness, yet we can 
approximate the truth. 

13. COMBATIVENESS. Courage, promptness, resist- 
ance, defence, spirit, willingness to encounter opposition and 
overcome obstacles. 

Abuse. Quarrelling, fighting or rowdyish disposition. 

Smalt.. Lacks courage, promptness, spirit, hates opposition, 
and dislikes to meet and grapple with obstacles; is inefficient. 

Average. Has much spirit and promptly grapples with 
difficulties: is quite courageous, and boldly defends loved ones 
in time of danger. 

Large. Is a prompt, brave, courageous, spirited person; res- 
olute and fearless in danger; a bold, cool opponent; loves op- 
position, and drives through thick and thin. 

Combinations. Small combativeness, with small firmness, 
hope, resentfulness and destructiveness, and large cautiousness, 
is inefficient, spiritless, cowardly, easy and tame; with small 
animo- vital forces, is literally good for nothing; average com- 
bativeness, with large hope and resentfulness, and moderate 
caution, may defend what is much loved — as with large phi- 
loprogenitiveness, will defend children — large adhesivenes, 
friends — large acquisitiveness, wealth, etc., 

Large. Combativeness, inhabitiveness, adhesiveness, and 
philoprogenitiveness defends wife, children, friends and coun- 
try; with large approbativeness and resentfulness, protects the 
character of self, and loved ones; with large vitativeness and 
destructiveness, defends life resolutely; with large moral pow- 
ers, opposes what may appear immoral; and with a large intel- 
lect, and large language, is a bold, fearless debater: loves mental 
opposition and delights in controversy. 

Cultivation. Call out your courage, oppose all that is 
wrong, act with spirit and promptness, drive all you undertake, 
never mope; speak and act as though you were in earnest. 

Eestraint. When combativeness is large and leads to 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 87 

quarreling, fighting, contention, high temper, rowdyism, etc., 
you should restrain and direct it with the intellectual and mor- 
al faculties, benevolence, firmness, and cautiousness. Study 
forbearance, kindness and gentleness, and you can restrain its 
power. 

Location - . Above and behind destructiveness, on the lateral 
and posterior angle of the parietal bone, backward and upward 
from the ear. 

14. KESENTFULNESS. The disposition to resent an 
insult or an indignity. 

Abuse. It gives constancy to prejudices, and often makes 
one resentful, captious and fretful. It generally acts with ap- 
probativeness, and always refers to character. 

Small. Seldom resents an insult, however gross or provoking. 

Average. Is apt to resent a gross insult, but is not very ir- 
ritable, and seldom shows a captious, resentful spirit. 

Large. Is quick to resent an indignity; sometimes flies into 
a passion easily — can not bear to be crossed; will be obeyed. 

Combinations. Small resentfulness, with large benevolence, 
is very forgiving; with small firmness, combativeness, and 
large caution added, will be imposed on without resenting it, 
with small adhesiveness, will not resent an injured friend. 

Learge rsentfulness and approbation will be very particu- 
lar about character, and be quick to resent even a slight insult; 
with large self-esteem, demands prompt obedience, and flies 
into a passion at a small provocation; with large firmness, com- 
bativeness, adhesiveness and small caution, will not suffer a 
friend to be slandered or insulted; large resentfulness, destruct- 
iveness and combativeness, with a sanguine lymphatic temper- 
ament, gives the duellist — one who kills to resent an indignity. 

Cultivation. Allow no one to impose on you; resent man- 
fully all indignities against either self or any worthy person. 

Kestraint. If you are captious, cross or petulent, call on 
the moral and intellectual faculties to aid you, and you will 
soon be able to govern resentfulness, and keep it within bounds. 



88 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Location. Behind cautiousness, above combativeness and 
secretiveness, and joining approbativeness,— on the lateral, pos- 
terior part of the parietal bones. 

Species 3rd. Business Group. 

This is the name given by Prof. Powell, because this group 
is essential to every business man, and one in whom these or- 
gans are small could hardly succeed well in business. They 
give force, executiveness, economy, the saving instinct, the ac- 
quiring ability, policy, reserve, self-control, discretion, finesse, 
stratagem, management, scheming, the disposition to overcome, 
break down, or run over obstacles, amass wealth, and rightly 
invest our acquisitions. 

This group is divided into three varieties, viz: Destructive- 
ness, Secretiveness, and Acquisitiveness, and are located over 
the ear and extend forward to constructiveness. See cut 1, No. 
5. This group is protective because it lays up against want, 
controls our feelings, gives policy, and the ability to destroy 
that which lessens happiness. 

15. DESTRUCTIVENESS. [Executiveness.] The abil- 
ity to exterminate obstacles, be forcible, stern, severe, overcome, 
annihilate that which interferes with our business, desires, hap- 
piness or prosperity. 

Abuse. Undue severity, wrath, cruelty, vengeance, murder. 

Small. Has but little force, sternness, or severity; too tame. 

Average. Has considerable force and executive feeling, but 
its display depends upon other faculties — hardly severe enough. 

Large. Has great force, determination, indignation, stern- 
ness, the ability to crush opposition and triumph over obstacles. 

Combinations. Small destructiveness, with large benevo- 
lence, can not cause or witness pain; with small firmness, can 
not endure pain; with large moral and social faculties, will be 
too tender-hearted; with large philoprogenitiveness and small 
combativeness, will neither be able to correct nor govern chil- 
dren, and will lack resolution and force. Large destructiveness, 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 89 

with small moral feeling, and moderate benevolence, will give a 
harsh, severe, cruel feelings; with large resentfulness, and a 
sanguine lymphatic temperament, will be liable to kill when 
he strikes; with large self-esteem, combativeness, resentfulness 
and approbativeness, will be savagely cruel to those who assail 
his character or intentions; this combination also gives a 
harsh, cutting tone to the voice, and gives a determined shake 
to the head; with large reflective faculties, it gives an intellect- 
ual determinedness of purpose, and mental efficiency. 

Cultivation. Drive with great energy all you undertake; 
be forcible, stern, resolute and thorough; work vigorously with 
a right good will — take an immovable stand against opposition. 

Restraint. Avoid all unnecessary severity — cultivate mild- 
ness — cease to be harsh, sarcastic, or bitter in conversation — 
let intellect and the moral feelings take the lead. 

Location. At the junction of the ear with the head, run- 
ning from combativeness forward to acquisitiveness. 

16. SECRETIVENESS. Ability to conceal and govern 
our thoughts and feelings — gives policy, scheming, managing, 
reserve and non-commitalism. 

Abuse. Trickery, low cunning, falsehood and double-dealing. 

Small. Is too communicative, conceals too little. 

Average. Has good self-government, but when provoked 
needs restraint; is inclined to be frank, open and aboveboard. 

Large. Has great tact at concealing every emotion — sel- 
dom discloses anything — can be foxy — is hard to find out — 
very guarded and sly, and can use great policy in business. 

Combinations. Small secretiveness and caution is liable to 
be too communicative — can conceal nothing; with large sym- 
pathy and adhesiveness, tells friends everything, can not act 
the hypocrite even for self-interest; with large cautiousness and 
conscientiousness, will keep what honor requires, or what 
would injure others; is frank, open, above disguise, and loves 
truth everywhere. Large secretiveness, cautiousness and 
watchfulness, is hard to be detected in his intentions; with ac- 
8 



90 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

quisitiveness and small conscientiousness, will lie, cheat and 
defraud, perhaps steal; with large conscientiousness, caution, 
watchfulness, will be as crafty as truth will allow, and very 
guarded; with large social organs, and adhesiveness, will have 
warm friends and will know them better than they will know 
him; with large approbation and small conscientiousness, will 
be on all sides of all questions, and sail with the popular current. 

Cultivation. When one is too communicative, caution, 
conscientiousness, firmness, and intellect, should be called into 
action. Keep your own secrets — guard all your actions— be 
sly — "lay low and keep dark." 

Bestraint. When one is inclined to falsify, mistify, con- 
ceal, or mislead, it should be restrained. This can be done by 
being frank, open, and aboveboard, and avoiding all slyness 
and double dealing. 

Location. Above destructiveness, in front of combative- 
ness and resentfulness, behind acquisitiveness, and below cau- 
tiousness. 

17. ACQUISITIVENESS. The disposition to acquire, 
save, lay up, take care of the overplus, and to prevent waste. 

Abuse. Gives a covetous, sordid, avaricious, niggardly spirit. 

Small. Can not acquire property; spends it freely. 

Average. Loves property quite well, but allows the wants 
of other organs to control acquisitiveness; is neither close-fisted 
nor extremely liberal. 

Large. Is saving, close in a bargain, loves property, lays 
by for the future; wastes nothing useful and saves the overplus. 

Combinations. Small acquisitiveness and muscular motion 
is indolent, idle, and lazy; with moderate intellect, spends mon- 
ey foolishly; with large hope, and small caution, is imprudent; 
with large neatness, puts all on the back; with large aliment- 
iveness, spends freely for appetite; average acquisitiveness 
with large caution, will love property for its uses; with a large 
ambitious group, acquires wealth for appearance' sake; with 
large domestic group, acquires wealth for the family's sake. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 91 

Large acquisitiveness, with large domestic faculties, will hoard 
for the family; with large intellect and language, will teach, 
write or lecture for money's sake, and will accumulate books 
and knowledge; with large hope and small caution, will risk 
largely, and with large perceptives and diplomatic faculties, 
will know how to make bargains, and gain wealth. 

Cultivation. Lay by the overplus; save all you can; 
spend nothing uselessly; be industrious and waste no time. 

Restraint. But if you are too stingy, be liberal, free, and 
give to every just object of charity till your soul loves deeds of 
mercy, and every vestige of the miser disappears. 

Location. On the anterior, inferior angles of the parietal 
bones, before secretiveness, behind constructiveness and below 
watchfulness. 

Species Wh. Guardian Group. 

This group gives prudence, carefulness, watchfulness, and 
vigilance about that which concerns us. They make us wary, 
hard to take in, and enable us to detect the motives of others. 
When too large they are the source of jealousy, suspicion, envy, 
distrust, doubt of friendship, etc. They guard us against the 
evil designs of others — hence are guardian in their nature. 

It is located above the business faculties and below the 
moral and sustaining faculties, and behind ideality. It is divi- 
ded into two varieties, viz : Cautiousness and Watchfulness. 

18. CAUTIOUSNESS. Gives a feeling of circumspection, 
carefulness — makes us look out, and take care of what we love. 

Abuse. Cowardice, fear, timidity, paltroonery. 

Small. Is incautious, fearless, imprudent, and reckless. 

Average. Has considerable prudence, is not reckless, takes 
care of property and is circumspect in speech. 

Large. Is guarded, prudent, safe, provides against loss, is 
on the lookout against failures — thinks before he speaks. 

Combinations. Small cautiousness, with large hope, com- 
bativeness, self-esteem, and sanguine bilious temperament, will 



92 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

be rash, thoughtless, and fiery ; with large firmness and resent- 
fulness will be reckless and headstrong, and often get into dif- 
ficulties needlessly. With large hope and acquisitiveness it 
often gives the gambler. With average caution the above com- 
binations will be less rash and imprudent; with all these organs 
average will be prudent enough when not excited. Large cau- 
tiousness, with large domestic faculties, is solicitous about fami- 
ly, home and friends ; with large reasoning organs is a cautious 
reasoner ; with large perceptives added, is a safe and prudent 
adviser, and with the diplomatic and business groups well de- 
veloped, will make a successful diplomatist and business man. 

Cultivation. Exercise caution, prudence, carefulness — 
think twice before you speak, ponder well before you act. 

Eestraint. This faculty can be restrained by large reason, 
self-esteem and combativeness. 

Location. About the middle of the parietals, behind watch- 
fulness, above secretiveness, and below conscientiousness. 

19. WATCHFULNESS. [Suspiciousness.] Ability to de- 
tect motives in others. [Not certain, but highly probable.] 

Abuse. Unnecessary suspiciousness, jealousy, and envy. 

Small. Can not doubt you. Liable to be bit by sharpers. 

Average. Can discern motives, yet may be deceived. 

Large. Readily detects the motives and intentions of others, 
can hardly be taken in or deceived by the crafty. 

Combinations. Small watchfulness, with large sympathy, 
benevolence and adhesiveness, will scarcely ever be jealous of 
any one — be too full of confidence, and liable to be deceived. 
Average watchfulness, with large caution, intellect and busi- 
ness faculties will generally detect the motives of those with 
whom they deal, yet not always. Will seldom be jealous with- 
out good cause ; has little suspicion. 

Large. Watchfulness, individuality, analogy, sympathy, 
mimicry, and small faith and hope, can not be taken in ; will 
perceive, as by intuition, the character of every one — will make 
a good police officer ; and with large acquisitiveness, secretive- 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 93 

ness, corubativeness, hope, and small conscientiousness, will be 
liable to be a bold, daring thief; with large gregariousness 
would make a successful bandit captain. 

Cultivation. Try to detect the motives of every one you 
see ; take nothing without suspicion ; scan the intentions of 
everybody. 

Kestraint. Govern it by intellect, adhesiveness and justice. 

Location. In front of caution, above acquisitiveness, behind 
ideality, and below hope. 

GEXUS III. SOCIETARY SENTIMENTS. 

These embrace the most exalted emotions of the human 
mind — the warm, vivid feelings of the artist ; the wild ambi- 
tious schemes of the lovers of power, and fame, the sweet emo- 
tions of social sympathy; the strong sustaining influence of 
hope and submissiveness, and the unflinching integrity of the 
moral monitor. 

They are more exalted in their nature than the propensities, 
yet they are equally as much societary in influence, as they de- 
pend in no small degree upon society for their gratification. 

This group is divided into^ye species, viz : 1st, Ambitious 
and regulating : 2nd, Artistic : 3rd, Social : 4th, Sustaining : 
and 5th, Moral. They are located above the domestic and 
protective organs, on the top of the head ; in front of the busi- 
ness and guardian faculties, and back of the intellect. See Nos. 
7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, cut 1. 

Species 1st. Ambitious and Regulating Group. 

These faculties give ambition, dignity, self-respect — a lofty, 
aspiring, elevated cast of mind, and the ability to continue the 
mind on one thing at a time. They aid in regulating the other 
powers of mind, give that impetus to mentality that makes it 
often triumph over difficulties ; and they desire fame and pop- 
ularity. No. 7, cut 1. 



94 MENTAL FACULTIES, 

20. CONTINUITY. The ability to dwell on one subject till 
finished ; connected thought and feeling. 

Abuse. A morbid dwelling on one thing ; prolixity. 

Small. Changes from one thing to another in rapid succes- 
sion; begins more than will be finished; loves variety. 

Average. Can change when required, but prefers to finish 
up as you go along; are connected, but not prolix. 

Large. Dwells patiently on a subject till finished; dislikes 
change; prefers one thing at a time, and liable to be prosy. 

Combinations. Small continuity with large hope, and busi- 
ness faculties, and small caution, will be risky in buying and 
selling, but with large perceptive, reflective, and diplomatic 
faculties, will generally be lucky; but with these last three 
groups small, will be liable to lose everything in speculation; 
with large language will talk much, but not long on one thing; 
with large intellect will gather up a great deal of information 
on almost every subject, but will seldom be thorough in any- 
thing; average continuity with a large intellect will gather up 
a vast fund of science and learning, but will probably not be 
profound on anything; may be able to concentrate a great 
amount of matter into a lecture, book, or essay, but not discuss 
one thoroughly or lengthily. 

Large continuity, with large language, and large intellect, 
will have his hobbies, and be continually talking about them, 
cannot be got off of the subject, will be thorough on every- 
thing; with a small intellect and large language will be a sense- 
less gabbler; with large domestic organs, and small intellect 
will be inconsolable at the loss of friends; with large resentful- 
ness and combativeness, and small benevolence will never for- 
get, or forgive an insult; with large ideality, analogy, and lan- 
guage, is flowery and figurative in speech, and with a fine tem- 
perament will be an orator. 

Cultivation. Finish all as you go along; do not have too 
many irons in the fire at once; do one thing at a time. 

Restraint. Avoid being prolix or tedious in anything. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 95 

Location. Above inhabitiveness and below self-esteem. 

21. APPROBATIVENESS. The desire for the good 
opinion of others ; love of praise, fame, desire to be thought 
best, love of display ; with applause ; ambition to excel. 

Abuse. Excessive desire for praise ; vanity. 

Small. Too independent ; cares nothing for public opinion. 

Average. Will not sacrifice much for the opinion of others, 
yet praise, if given as an honest opinion will be acceptable. 

Large. Is keenly sensitive to praise or blame ; much in- 
fluenced by what others say ; very ambitious to excel. 

Combination. Small approbation and large self-esteem is 
independent of public opinion ; with small caution, submis- 
siveness, and large intellect added, will be independent in 
speech. Large approbation with large intellect will seek ap- 
plause for his intellect, and be ambitious for mental fame; with 
large acquisitiveness, ambitious to be rich ; large philoprogeni- 
tiveness, loves to have his children praised ; with large resent- 
fulness will be touchy when reviewed ; with large destructive- 
ness and method, (wit,) will be sarcastic when reviewing 
others ; with large moral organs and small intellect, will love 
to display his or her good deed3, or piety, and loves to be seen 
of men. 

Cultivation. Strive to do everything well ; to use good 
language ; to dress neat and be genteel ; exert yourself to 
merit praise in word and action, and you will cultivate this 
power; and above all be polite to everybody. 

Restraint. Try to be independent of public opinion ; do 
your duty in spite of what the people say, and let intellect rule. 

Location. On each side of self-esteem above adhesiveness. 

22. SELF-ESTEEM. Dignity, self-respect. 

Abuse. Eerotism, haughtiness, overbearing pride, tyranny. 

Small. Is modest, diffident, and unassuming. 

Average. Has considerable self-respect, dignity and high- 
mindedness, yet is not overbearing, haughty, or proud. 

Large. Is high-minded, leans on self, dignified, loves free- 
dom, spurns control, and is independent in feeling. 



Ub MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Combinations. Small self-esteem and large approbation are 
more anxious for the applause of others than for their own ; 
with large resentfulness added will occasionally resent an in- 
sult, and with large combativeness, destructiveness, and firm- 
ness will be quite forcible and energetic, and will accomplish 
much more under a leader than by himself. 

Large self-esteem with large resentfulness, destructiveness, 
approbativeness and firmness, must be obeyed, cannot bear to 
be crossed in your wishes, are haughty, overbearing, self-confi- 
dent and assuming ; with moderate intellect added will be ego- 
tistical, pompous, self-conceited ; with large approbation and a 
large intellect will be ambitious to take the lead, and have the 
best of everything ; thus with large philoprogenitiveness will 
endeavor to have your children the best behaved, the smartest 
and best dressed, the greatest runners, wrestlers, etc., as one or 
another power predominates ; with large language and a fair 
education will pride yourself as a speaker ; with large gregari, 
ousness added will seek to be a party leader ; with large con- 
structiveness will desire to excel in mechanism ; with large 
moral powers, gregariousness, adhesiveness, approbativeness 
and benevolence, will be a leader in a religious society, etc. 

Cultivation. Exercise it, assume responsibilities, take the 
lead, laugh at difficulties, never say "I cant." 

Kestraint. Subject it to intellectual and moral feeling ; try 
to be modest, unassuming and humble. 

Location. On the messial line above inhabitivsness. This 
group is regulating in its nature, and I prefer to call it the reg- 
ulating group. It concentrates the mind on one subject, and 
for the sake of our own and the good opinion of others, it 
regulates or governs the action of the other faculties. 

Species 2d. Artistic Group. 
This group gives artistic feeling and ability — makes one de- 
light in a beautiful picture, magnificent scenery, gorgeous land- 
scapes, poetry, music, rich furniture and well furnished rooms ; 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 97 

produces mechanical ingenuity, adds a finishing touch to the 
painter's pencil, endows the poet with a lofty enthusiasm, 
gives warmth and pathos to the gifted child of song, and man- 
ufactures those deep, fervid, soul stirring emotions that intensi- 
fy the orator and thrill the audience. 

This group is located before the business and guardian 
groups, below the social and back of the intellectual faculties, 
and is divided into six varieties, viz: Constructiveness, Ideali- 
ty, Neatness, Harmony, Imitation and Wonder, Cut 1, No. 9. 

23. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. The ability to construct, 
use tools, etc. 

Abuse. Wasting time to invent impracticable machinery. 

Small. Has no ability to use tools or make machinery. 

Average. With practice may be a passable workman. 

Large. Is ingenious and handy, easily comprehends or 
makes machinery, is naturally mechanical and constructive. 

Combinations. Small constructiveness, with small back 
lobes and intellect, can do nothing at constructing ; with good 
reasoning power can scheme and plan better than do or exe- 
cute ; and with every combination is awkward. 

Large constructiveness, imitation, form, size and a fair intel- 
lect will be a good mechanic, invent, alter, copy or improve ; 
with large ideality and color aided can be a good artist ; with 
small imitation is inventive and original; with large secretive- 
ness it causes the politician to devise ways and means to slyly 
carry out his purposes; with a small back head is always con- 
structing, but never executing, and with a large back head fin- 
ishes all his inventions. 

CrjLTivArroN. Handle tools; make as many of your own 
things as possible; improve all your tools, implements, machi- 
nery, etc., and you will soon increase its power and activity. 

Restraint. Let reason prevent you from engaging on fly- 
ing machines, or impossibilities. This is restraint enough. 

Location. On the frontal bone, above the sphenoido-tem- 
poral suture, in front of acquisitiveness and below ideality. 
9 



98 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

24. IDEALITY. Love of the beautiful; imagination. 
Abuse. Extravagant fondness for the refined and imagina- 
tive. 

Small. Can see but little beauty in anything. 

Average. Admires beauty, but prefers the substantial. 

Large. Enjoys elegance, beauty, refinement, poetry and 
eloquence; dislikes coarseness, rudeness, or vulgarity. 

Combinations. Small ideality and large combativeness, de- 
structiveness, amativeness, and small neatness with a coarse 
temperament, will be gross and lack polish and refinement ; 
with large approbativeness and mimicry will ape the politeness 
of others, and large neatness added will appear more refined 
than is really true; with large constructiveness and imitation, 
will be a good, and rather polished worker. 

Large ideality with large neatness, approbativeness, and 
mimicry, will be very polite and affable; with large language 
and a fine organization and a good intellect, will be a natural 
orator; with wonder and caution large will love the sublime, 
vast, expansive; with large amativenes and secretiveness will 
be fond of novels; with large language, comparison, analogy 
and constructiveness can write ingenious tales, and with large 
moral and intellectual powers will write instructive, moral 
stories like Hine's "Curry Cummings" and "Money-Changer." 

It also produces refinement, poetry, paintings, etc., according 
to combination and temperament. 

Cultivation. Study elegance, chasteness, etc., in dress, 
speech, labor and writing, to cultivate ideality. 

Restraint. Subject it to reason; avoid visionary things. 

Located. Joining the coronal suture, above constructive- 
ness, before watchfulness, below imitation and wonder. 

25. NEATNESS. Love of neatness; tastefulness. 
Abuse. Waste of time in fastidious fixing; over nice. 
Small. Is destitute of taste; slovenly and careless. 
Average. Has some taste and neatness, yet some faulty. 
Large. Very neat and tasty in dress, furniture, etc. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 99 

Combinations. Small neatness, order and ideality, is a 
most consummate sloven ; with small ideality anda coarse or- 
ganization is dirty and careless, if not filthy ; with large ama- 
tiveness, destructiveness and acquisitiveness, is coarse in talk, 
action, dress, etc.; a blackguard in every sense. 

Large neatness with large order will keep everything in its 
place, and as tidy as a new pin ; with large approbativeness 
will be neat in dress ; with large language will use choice ex- 
pressions; with large melody and ideality will select chaste, 
elegant music, neatly expressed ; with large form, size, color, 
constructiveness and ideality will be a neat, tasteful mechanic, 
or artist ; with large domestic powers delights to see the loved 
one neat and tidy. 

Cultivation. Be neat and tasteful in all things ; banish 
every vestige of the sloven, and you will soon have ^neatness 
enough. 

Restraint. Avoiding excessive fastidiousness. 

Location. Front of ideality as generally located. 

26. HARMONY. Love of harmony in general ; the abil- 
ity to detect discord or disproportion between different voices, 
instruments, or parts of a whole. 

Abuse. Excessive sensitiveness; annoyed at slight discords. 

Small. Can't perceive harmony nor detect discord. 

Average. Perceives and loves harmony and detects discord 
and disproportion, but not readily. 

Large Harmony delights in the opera, loves the music of a 
full choir, prefers all the parts sung or played at once; can not 
bear discord and hates disproportion everywhere. 

Combinations. Small harmony with small melody, time 
imitation and ideality, cannot be a musician, especially with 
the bilious temperament ; average in all the above named or- 
gans with large firmness, weight and a large cerebellum, aided 
by notes may be a fair musician, but will lack feeling and will 
be too mechanical to reach the soul; be wanting in pathos. 

Large harmony, melody, time, imitation, weight, ideality, 



100 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

firmness, constructiveness and a good sized cerebellum joined 
to the sanguine lymphatic, sanguine bilious lymphatic or san- 
guine encephalo-bilious temperament, will have the ability to 
make a first rate musician, instrumental or vocal ; will be a 
natural genius and possess that pathos that reaches and stirs 
the soul, and will loVe the harmonies of nature in all things. 

Cultivation. Exercise this faculty by listening to, or prac- 
ticing with bands, choirs, orchestras or operas, and be in har- 
mony with all that is good. 

Restraint. Use reason and politeness enough to not criti- 
cize or ridicule those less gifted than yourself. 

Location. Above melody, between constructiveness and 
method and in front of neatness or ideality. 

27. IMITATION. Ability to reproduce or pattern after. 

Abuse. Copy too closely to rectify mistakes or to improve. 

Small. Inability to work after a pattern or copy. 

Average. Can imitate but prefers to vary from copy. 

Large. Copies easily; loves to imitate and reproduce. 

Combinations. Small imitation with small constructive- 
ness, form, size, weight, ideality, locality and cerebellum, is 
incapable of being a mechanic ; cannot copy or imitate any- 
thing. Average in these organs can, with practice, be a me- 
chanic, but will not excel in its nicer departments. 

Large imitation with these powers (just named) large will 
be a natural genius in mechanhtn, and with large causality 
and suggestion will be able to add great improvements ; with 
large color and a proper temperament will be a superior 
artist of any kind. 

Cultivation. Exercise the faculty by imitating everything 
useful; make your own tools; not depend on others. 

Restrain it by not copying errors or useless parts. 

Location. Above the front of ideality; is the front part of 
marvellousness as located by Gall; the lower part of imitation 
as located by Fowler, and above inquisitivenessvas located by 
Powell. (See Introduction, page 9.) 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 101 

28. WONDER. Love of the marvellous ; admiration for 
the vast, stupendous, strange, mysterious, the apparently in- 
credible, also the new and untried. 

Abuse. Dislike to anything except the strange or new. 

Small. Rejects all that savors of mystery, or the untried. 

Average. Some fondness for strange things, but not much. 

Large. Loves to examine the wonderful ; investigates the 
new; delights in vast prospects and natural scenery. 

Combinations. Small wonder, faith, submissiveness, caus- 
ality and large comparison and analogy, will be liable to be 
atheistical; but with large causality and submissiveness will be 
deistical ; with large perceptives will delight in established 
science. Large wonder with small faith may believe strange 
and marvellous things and be skeptical in others; with large 
faith and moderate reason may be gulled with "fish stories," 
"ghost stories," etc., and with large caution and small combat- 
iveness will be cowardly about ghosts; with large intellectual 
powers will investigate all new and strange things like a phi- 
losopher; neither reject nor receive except upon testimony. 

This faculty is essential to the artist, and to the investigator 
of nature's laws, as it gives a love of all wonderful natural phe- 
nomena and scenery. The preceding organ, Imitation, aids the 
artist in reproducing works of art, and preserves old, useful 
works from destruction. 

Cultivation. Investigate the wonderful in nature and art, 
and all new and strange theories. 

Restrain this faculty from being carried away by every new 
and improbable story or theory ; ask for the reason of things. 

Location. Above the back part of ideality back of imita- 
tion, is the lower part of marvellousness as located by Fowler, 
and the back of it as located by Gall; in front of hope. 

Species 3d. Social Group. 
This group gives fondness for society by creating a sympathy 
between people; makes us kind, forgiving, obliging; ability to 
copy actions and have faith in the motives of mankind. 



102 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

The organs of this group are located back of the diplomatic 
organs, over the artistic and in front of the sustaining faculties, 
on the superior anterior part of the head. This species is di- 
vided into four varieties, viz: Faith, Mimicry, Sympathy and 
Benevolence. Cut 1, fig. 9. 

29. FAITH. [TRUST.] Belief ; disposition to trust in 
the integrity, and take things on the say-so of other people ; 
begets confidence in man; believes in the guidance of intuition, 
or internal monitors. 

Abuse. Indiscriminate belief in what you hear. 

Small. Believes little, and liable to disbelieve everything. 

Average. Has considerable faith in human integrity ; 
trusts to the honesty of others; but requires reason. 

Large. Is liable to receive the sayings of others without a 
doubt; is too credulous about doctrines or principles. 

Combinations. Small faith with large reason asks for the 
proof for every doctrine, creed or assertion in science, religion, 
politics or etiquette ; with large sympathy and adhesiveness 
may not express all the doubts he feels; with small benevo- 
lence, sympathy, adhesiveness, and a coarse organization, is a 
blunt doubter, and with large destructiveness and method ad- 
ded, ridicules without mercy everything not understood, or 
mysterious. 

Large faith with large sympathy and adhesiveness, will re- 
ceive the leading tenets of his faith, on all points, from friends 
and associates, especially if that belief accords with early edu- 
cation; with large analogy will be governed by intuition ; with 
large faith, wonder, suggestion and small inquisitiveness, will 
be governed by internal suggestions of the mind ; with large 
conscientiousness, hope, submissivsness and causality, has faith 
in God's providence, and with a religious education, believes 
in some creed. 

Cultivation. Check doubt when deficient in faith and 
wonder; doubt guided by reason and conscience is desirable. 

Restrain faith only when large and not governed by large 
reason and suggestion. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 103 

Located in front of hope, between benevolence and wonder, 
and back of mimicry ; back part of marvellousness as located 
by Fowler. 

30. MIMICRY. Disposition and ability to imitate charac- 
ter; to mimic the actions, tones of voice, countenance, laugh, 
etc. It gives the ability to understand character or it could 
not imitate it, hence is the true organ of human nature. 

Small. Can mimic very little ; no ability to mock others. 

Average. Can mimic well but is not remarkable for this 
talent; uses awkward gestures. 

Large. Is a remarkable mimic ; gesticulates much and 
well; acts out character to perfection. 

Combinations. Small mimicry with small individuality will 
be a poor judge of character, and unable to mimic it ; with 
small sympathy, benevolence, trust, (faith,) etc., will be unso- 
cial, and care nothing for society ; with large domestic facul- 
ties will stay much with the "loved ones at home." 

Large mimicry, individuality, comparison and muscular mo- 
tion, will be a first rate mimic of action, and will gesticulate 
much and well; talks with action as much as with words; with 
large trust, benevolence, and sympathy is very social, and with 
small domestic powers will desert the home for the store, bar- 
room, etc.; with large gregariousness will love the clan, club, 
or party room; with largo domestic organs will invite friends 
to the home to enjoy social and domestic happiness together. 

Cultivation. Study character as manifested in gestures, 
and learn to make good ones yourself. 

Restraint. Do not copy gestures indiscriminately, nor 
mimic people's defects, awkwardness, etc. 

Location. In front of faith, above imitation, back from 
suggestion and outward from sympathy. * 



* Remark. — Mr. Fowler takes the same view of imitation and mimicry 
that I do, though I did not know it till after the above was written. We 
differ on marvellousness, which he calls spirituality, and although we both 
divide benevolence, we differ on the functions of the front part. 



104 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

31. SYMPATHY. Disposition to sympathize with, and 
enter into the feelings, emotions, joys and sorrows of others. 

Abuse. Needless sympathy for imaginary suffering. 

Small. Has but little sympathy for human suffering. 

Average. Has considerable sympathy for others; is neither 
excessive nor deficient ; lets other organs rule. 

Large. Has great sympathy for human suffering; is easily 
affected by the losses and misfortunes of others; gets into sym- 
pathy with every one, and loves to receive it from others. 

Combinations. Small sympathy, benevolence, trust, mimicry , 
and approbation, is regardless of the society of others, and des- 
titute of sympathy, or pity; with large firmness, self-esteem, 
and acquisitiveness, will be haughty, dictatorial, overbearing, 
and tyrannical; with small gregariousness will care nothing for 
the society of others — generally avoids it. 

Large sympathy, with large trust, benevolence, mimicry, 
gregariousness, adhesiveness, and secretiveness, will be full of 
sympathy, sociability, fondness for society, and clubs, or secret 
orders, and be strongly attached to them; with large approba- 
tion, self-esteem, and firmness, will love to rule over, and direct 
associates; with large firmness, and acquisitiveness, and mode- 
rate adhesiveness and social faculties, will often fleece friends 
to fill his own purse. 

Cultivation. Never turn from the suffering, destitute child 
of want; give it your sympathy, aid and encouragement. 

Kestraint. Do not waste sympathy on unworthy objects. 

Location. Back of analogy, above mimicry, and in front of 
"benevolence. 

32. BENEVOLENCE. Disposition to aid the needy, help 
the suffering, bestow alms, and be charitable, and kind. 

Abuse. Gives to every worthless enterprise, without dis- 
crimination. 

Small. Destitute of charity, gives nothing to the needy. 

Average. Gives some, but not much, for charity's sake. 

Large. Very charitable; ready to give to the needy, or the 
distressed; is kind to all. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 105 

Combinations. Small benevolence, with the other social 
organs small, will be cold and unsociable; with small domestic 
group will be a hermit, and shun society; with large acquisi- 
tiveness, and business faculties, and small conscientiousness will 
take advantage of any friend he has, to fill his own purse; lacks 
kindness. Large benevolence and adhesiveness, with small 
acquisitiveness, and large hope, will be lavish with money; 
with large sympathy added will be liable to become bankrupt 
through kindness alone. 

Cultivation. Govern your temper; be kind, forgiving and 
charitable; aid the poor; and assist the needy. 

Restraint. Reason and conscientiousness should govern 
this faculty, to prevent its morbid manifestation. 

Location. Back of sympathy, above trust, and in front of 
submissiveness on each side of the falx cerebri. 

Species 4:th. Sustaining Group. 

The faculties of this group give a submissive disposition, 
make us satisfied with things as they are, and yield to that 
which seems to be a fate; they sustain us in bearing losses, 
prevent fretfulness when vexation and trouble overtake us, and 
prepare us to submit to superiors, and masters, and to look up 
to and obey those in authority. They are anti-progressive; 
opposed to revolution and change; keep the same policy, creed, 
or habits of life, and fit us to serve rather than lead. When 
large, and directed by a religious education, they look up sub- 
missively to God; attribute everything to Him, and meekly bow 
to what they believe to be His will, and ask Him for favors, 
and blessings, in prayer and worship. 

This species is divided into two varieties, viz: Submissive- 
ness and Hope, and is located back of the coronal, suture, in 
front of the moral faculties, above watchfulness, and on each 
side of the falx cerebri. See cut 1, No. 10. 

33. SUBMISSIVENESS. Disposition to be submissive to, 
and obey, superiors; ask them for favors, reverence age, and 
long established customs, and yield to authority. 



106 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Abuse. Servile submission to custom, or authority. 

Small. Submits to nothing; is revolutionary in feeling". 

Average. Is somewhat submissive; has fair regard for cus- 
tom, law, age, and authority, but not much. 

Large. Reveres authority, bows to superiors, obeys law 
and follows custom, dislikes change, and sneers at progression. 

Combinations. Small submissiveness, caution, and adhe- 
siveness, with large hope, self-esteem, combativeness, and 
resentfulness, will not be submissive; scorns to be governed; 
loves change and revolution, and with large reflectives, and de- 
structiveness will ridicule all laws, customs, or ceremonies that 
are not consonant with his reason; with large acquisitiveness, 
and a sanguine-bilious, or sanguine-bilious-lymphatic tempera- 
ment will be revolutionary, both for its own sake and for the 
spoils, and with large gregariousness, and small conscientious- 
ness added, may be a bandit. 

Large submissiveness, caution, and adhesiveness, will love 
time-honored institutions; with large firmness will hate change, 
with large combativeness, destructiveness, resentfulness, lan- 
guage, gregariousness, and reflective, and diplomatic faculties, 
will be a bold conservative champion-partizan, oppose change 
in law, literature, politics, or religion — is an anti-progressive. 

Cultivation. Submit, without complaint, to what can not 
be avoided, and to all laws and customs that a cultivated reason 
and an enlightened conscience approve of. 

Restraint. Do not be too servile, nor submit to injustice; 
obey all reasonable requirements, but resent wrong ones. 

Located above hope, back of benevolence and trust, in 
front of firmness, on each side of the median line. 

34. HOPE. Anticipation of future good. 

Abuse. Unreasonable anticipation; building air-castles, etc. 

Small. Lacks hope, and looks at the dark side of the future. 

Average. Is reasonable in his anticipations, is seldom 
gloomy, or cast down; will borrow but little trouble. 

Large. Never desponds, hopes for more than he will get, 
and builds new castles when the old ones fall. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 107 

Combinations. Small hope, with small submissiveness, and 
self-esteem, will always despair of accomplishing anything; 
with small acquisitiveness and large caution, will fear losses 
continually; seldom undertakes any enterprise; with large ap- 
probation added, fears ridicule, dreads to go into company, and 
is crushed with trifling losses. 

Large hope, submissiveness, combativeness, self-esteem, and a 
bilious temperament, with small caution, and approbation, will 
never be cast down, bears up against all losses, and trouble; 
defies misfortune, and smiles at despair; laughs at ridicule, and 
cannot be made to despond. 

Cultivation. Hope for the best; do not mourn over losses; 
drive away all gloomy thoughts, and let reason rule. 

Restraint. Banish day-dreams, and air-castles, and be 
reasonable in your anticipations of success. 

Located below submissiveness, above watchfulness, in front 
of conscientiousness and back of wonder. 

Species oth. Moral Group. 

This group gives stability, decision of character, love of 
integrity, and justice, and a desire for equity. There are two 
organs in this species : Firmness and Conscientiousness. They 
are located back of the sustaining faculties, above caution, and 
in front of the ambitious faculties, just where the head rounds 
off toward the crown. See cut 1, No. 10. 

35. FIRMNESS. Stability, decision of character; an un- 
yielding disposition; inflexibility of purpose. 

Abuse. Stubbornness, obstinacy, contrariness, mulishness. 

Shall. Is fickle, yielding, unstable, undecided. 

Average. Is rather firm, yet none too much so; requires 
reason to aid, and self-esteem to give confidence. 

Large. Decided and unyielding; hard to turn, and requires 
reflection to prevent stubbornness. 

Combinations. Small firmness, self-esteem, and hope, and 
large caution, will be changeable, fickle, timid, self-debased, and 



108 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

desponding, lack decision and stability. Large firmness, con- 
scientiousness, self-esteem, combativeness, and animo-vital 
forces, will be moral, decided, firm, and energetic; have self- 
respect, and self-confidence; with large caution will be slow to 
commence, but decided and unyielding when started, with large 
approbation added will endeavor to keep a promise; is reliable. 

Cultivation. Be unyielding when there is a principle at 
stake; let reason and justice govern. 

Restraint is unnecessary, if you prevent its abuse. 
Location. Back of submissiveness, in front of self-esteem 
above conscientiousness, on each side of the falx cerebri. 

36. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. Integrity, moral purity, 
love of justice, regard for truth, and principle. 

Abuse. Self-condemnation without a reason. 

Small. Is nearly destitute of moral feeling, has little com- 
punctions of conscience, or regard for justice. 

Average. Is liable to excuse self for a wrong act, allows 
other faculties to control this, yet desires to do right. 

Large. Seldom swerves from the right, loves duty, integ- 
rity, and justice above all -else. 

Combinations. Small conscientiousness, caution, firmness, 
and self-esteem, with large passions, is liable to go astray. 

Large conscientiousness, firmness, combativeness, self-esteem, 
and animo-vital powers, will do right though he loose every 
friend; will fulfill a promise, even to his injury, and esteem 
morality more than friends, fame, or wealth. 

Cultivation. Always speak the truth, wrong no man, be 
just to all, and faithful to yourself. 

Restrain this faculty by reason alone. 

Located outward from firmness, in front of approbation, 
above caution, and back of hope. 

ORDER II— INTELLECTUAL' FACULTIES. 
These faculties take cognizance of things, their qualities, 
and abstract relations — of events, and principles — store the 
miad with knowledge—elaborate ideas, and communicate them 
to others. They are the source of science, and intelligence. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 109 

This order is divided into two Genera, viz: Perceptive 
Faculties, and Seasoning Faculties. They are located on 
the front lobes of the brain — the part not usually covered with 
the hair. Cut 1, forward of 8 and 9, in front of the large line. 

GENUS I.— PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 

These perceive things: qualities, relations, tones, names, 
numbers, locations, etc. They make us familiar with the 
physical world, and are the instruments for receiving knowledge. 
They are divided into four species, viz: External senses, "Nomi- 
native perceptives, Qualitative perceptives, and Relative 
perceptives, and are located above and around the eyes. Cut 1, 
Nos. 12, 13, and U. 

Species 1st. External Senses. 
These perceive odors, sensation, etc., and are divided into five 
varieties, viz: sensation, sight, smell, taste, and hearing. They 
are discussed at length in Combe's Phrenology. 

Species 2nd. Nominative Group. 

These take cognizance of names — common and proper, and 
give the ability to acquire language. They are located on the 
supra orbital plates, and when large close the back part of the 
socket, crowd the globe of the eye forward, and give it a 
prominent appearance. Cut 1, No. 12. 

37. COMMON NAMES. Ability to employ words. 

Abuse. Excessive talk, garrulity, verbosity. 

Small. Uses words poorly, speaks with difficulty. 

Average. Has a fair use of words, but is not fluent. 

Large. Uses words copiously; is never at a loss for words. 

Combinations. Small common names, eventuality, and 
reflection, has poor conversational power, hesitates for words; 
with large eventuality, comparisoD, analogy, and an active tem- 
perament, may be a good writer, and an instructive speaker — 
not a fluent one. Large common names, analogy, comparison, 



110 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

causality, and perceptives, will be a linguist, a fluent, easy, and 
instructive speaker, and will not be at a loss for a single word. 

Cultivation - . Memorize words, and converse freely, varying 
your expressions as much as possible. 

Restraint. Use words to express ideas, not mere sounds. 

Located on the supra orbital plate, and gives a full, prominent 
eye, as though it were being crowded out of the head. 

38. PROPER NAMES. Ability to use names of persons, 
places, technical terms in science, etc. 

Abuse. A too free use of technical names in conversation. 

Small. Soon forgets proper names; is quite deficient. 

Average. Is neither deficient, nor good, at remembering 
names, and by association may retain them quite well. 

Large. Seldom forgets proper or technical names. 

Combinations. Small proper names, locality, form, and 
individuality, forgets proper names of all kinds; but when 
these organs are large, seldom forgets any name; with large 
eventuality, time, and reflectives, can be a good historian, and 
retain the technical terms of science very well. 

Cultivation. Memorize names of every kind. 

Restraint. Use technical and learned words judiciously. 

Location. On the supra orbital plate, and makes the eye 
appear to hang down; better shown than described. 

Species 3d. Qualitative Perceptive Group, 
These faculties perceive the qualities of material things and 
are indispensable to nearly all departments of life. This species 
is divided into five varieties, viz: Individuality, Form, Size, 
"Weight, and Color, and are located just over the eyes, from the 
root of the nose (glabella) to the external angle of the eyes, 
along the supra orbital ridge. Cut 1, No. 13. 

39. INDIVIDUALITY. Observation of individual objects. 
Abuse. A staring, gazing, impudent curiosity; prying into 

ether people's business matters. 
Small. Lacks close observation of everything. 
Average. Is rather a superficial observer. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. Ill 

Large. Is a critical observer of everything; scans all lie sees. 

Combinations. Small individuality and artistic organs, fails 
to notice works of art; with small color fails to notice colors; 
with small form does not notice faces, or persons; with small 
ideality seldom sees beauty in objects of any kind; but with 
these organs all large will be a close observer of art, color, 
beauty, forms; faces, etc., and have an insatiable desire to see 
everything within reach of vision; with large analogy, watch- 
fulness, caution, and secretiveness, is seldom deceived in any 
one's motives — is hard to sell ! 

Cultivation. Look closely at everything, and every body; 
scan every principle or quality. 

Restraint. Do not be impudent in your observations; no 
other restraint is required, but this is desirable. 

Located on each side of the messial line, at the root of the 
nose. 

40. FORM. Ability to remember shape, forms, looks 
countenances, etc. 

Abuse. Easily pained at the sight of misshapen objects. 

Small. Poor eye to keep shape, countenances, etc. 

Average. With practice may remember shape, etc., quite 
well, but needs to cultivate this faculty. 

Large. Has an excellent memory of faces, forms, etc., and 
knows many whom he cannot name. 

Combinations. Small form, size, ideality, etc., is poor at 
keeping form, size and beauty in mind, but with large form, 
size, weight, color, ideality, etc., remembers shape well, espe- 
cially in connection with the large faculty, whatever it may be. 
Such as the form of children when philo., is large; forms, etc.; 
of ladies, when amat., is large; of machinery when constr. is 
large, and with acquisitiveness, locality, individuality, etc., will 
be good at detecting counterfeit bills. 

Cultivation. Notice shape minutely, and strive to remem- 
ber it, whether in faces, bank bills, portraits or mechanism. 

Restrain form by ceasiDg to criticize every little defect in 
form that falls under your notice. 



112 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Location. On the two sides of the crista galli; its size is 
known by the width between the eyes. 

41. SIZE. Ability to judge of dimensions, proportion, and 
bulk, by the eye alone; gives a mechanical eye to know "hori- 
zontals and perpendiculars;" aids the geometrician and engineer. 

Abuse. Is too easily pained by disproportion. 

Small. Is unable to detect slight inaccuracy in size; has a 
poor mechanical eye for magnitude. 

Average. Has fair perception of size, length, etc. 

Large. Has a good judgment of proportion, length, size, 
etc., of objects, and measures angles, and distances well. 

Combinations. Small size, constructiveness, form, color 
weight, and ideality, would surely fail as a mechanic, but with 
these organs large can be a good mechanic, architect; etc., and 
with large number added will be a good surveyor or civil engi- 
neer—a good judgment added, gives a topographical engineer, 
especially with large combativeness and destructiveness. 

Cultivation. Notice and remember size, angles, propor- 
tion, geometrical figures, etc. 

Kestrain it by not being over particular about minor defects. 

Location. On the lower side of the internal angle of the 
eye adjoining individuality. 

42. WEIGHT. Ability to judge of specific gravity, per- 
ception of weight, resistance, etc.; power to balance, ride, walk 
a rope, throw and shoot strait, dance, skate, etc. 

Abuse. Risky, and venturesome in climbing, etc. 

Small. Is awkward and cannot balance well. 

Average. Can ride, skate, throw, etc., tolerably well. 

Large. Holds a steady hand, can go aloft, pitch quoits, and 
is a good judge of specific gravity. 

Combinations. Small weight, and large caution, cannot walk 
a pole, go aloft, or hold a steady hand; with small constructive- 
ness, form, etc., will be a poor mechanic; can be easily thrown 
from his balance; but with these organs large can be a good 
shot, hold a steady hand, make a good swordsman, ride a fiery 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 113 

horse, skate, climb, etc., be a good judge of gravity, a good den- 
tist, surgeon, or mechanic, or make a good dancer ! 

Cultivation. Practice riding, pitching quoits, skating, 
measuring distance, and size, with the eye, etc. 

Restraint. Do not needlessly endanger yourself by climb- 
ing, walking poles, riding fractious colts, etc. 

Location. Outside of size, inside of a line drawn perpen- 
dicularly through the pupil of the eye. 

43. COLOR. Ability to perceive and recollect colors, tints, 
hues, shades, etc., and to combine colors. 

Abuse. Over particular; wastes time with colors. 

Small. Scarcely knows one color from another. 

Average. Is neither deficient nor expert in telling colors. 

Large. Can easily distinguish, arrange, [mix, or recollect 
colors; is delighted with painting. 

Combinations. Small color, form, size, etc., will be quite 
deficient in artistic ability; but with large color, form, size, 
imitation, wonder, ideality, neatness, harmony, constructiveness; 
comparison, and individuality, can be an artist of the first order. 

Cultivation. Notice, compare, and remember colors. 

Restraint. Be not extra particular, nor waste time with 
useless coloring. 

Location. Outside of weight; inside of order. 

Species 4:th. Belative Perceptive Group. 

This group perceives the relations of events, locations, dates, 
sounds, unity and plurality, and arrangement. They are in- 
dispensable to good scholarship and literary ability, or a criti- 
cal historian. This species is divided into six varieties, viz: 
Eventuality, Locality, Time, Melody, Order, and Number. 
They are located above the qualitative perceptive group, and 
in front of constructiveness and the vegito-vital group. See 
cut 1, No. 14. 

44. EVENTUALITY. Memory of facts, circumstances, 
events, news, history, jokes, and what was said and done. 
10 



114 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Abuse. Relates unimportant events connected with a story. 

Small. Has a poor memory of events, news, etc. 

Average. Has a fair memory of events, news, etc. 

Large. Has an excellent historical memory; can recall 
many scenes of childhood, general news, etc. 

Combinations. Small eventuality, time, locality, common 
and proper names, will be a poor historian, and learn geogra- 
phy with difficulty; with moderate reflective powers, will not 
make much progress in science; but with all these organs large, 
will make a good historian, geographer, and scientific person; 
with the business and diplomatic groups large, can be a good 
business or diplomatic agent in most relations of life. 

Cultivation. Memorize events, stories, anecdotes, etc., 

Eestraint. Relate no unimportant, irrelative events. 

Location. On the center of the forehead below comparison, 

45. LOCALITY. Memory of places and courses; desire 
to travel. 

Abuse. Desire to travel constantly and live a roving life. 

Small. Has a poor local and geographical memory. 

Average. Has a fair memory of places, yet may be lost. 

Large. Can hardly be lost; loves to travel, and remembers 
roads and places once seen. 

Combinations. Small locality, eventuality, and individual- 
ity, is easily lost, and forgets events connected with his jour- 
neys; but with these organs large, loves to travel and remem- 
bers where he has been; with large form and language (lan- 
guage includes common and proper names,) will love to travel, 
and remember all the roads, places, events, persons, anecdotes, 
dates, etc., seen while traveling; with large calculation and 
causality added, will be a natural astronomer. 

Cultivation. Observe direction, looks of roads, towns and 
rivers; try to remember them; study maps of countries, etc. 

Restrain a roving, wandering life, unless profitable. 

Location. On each side of eventuality. 

46. TIME. Memory of the lapse ojf time, power to keep 
time in music and dancing; to keep ages, dates, etc., in the head. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 115 

Abuse. Is unnecessarily annoyed by bad time in music, or 
in keeping step with others. 

Small. Has a poor memory of dates, is not punctual. 

Average. Remembers dates, ages, appointments, etc., well. 

Large. Has good memory of dates, time when, etc., keeps 
time in music and step in walking, with ease. 

Combinations. Small time, eventuality, locality, and indi- 
viduality; is a poor historian; forgets dates, appointments, and 
keeps time poorly; but with these organs large, keeps ap- 
pointments, dates, chronology, step in walking and time in 
music; hardly needs a clock. 

Cultivate time by exercise in keeping dates. 

Eestrain it from being too particular about time, dates, etc. 

Location. Outside of locality and under method. 

47. MELODY. Ability to perceive simple tones, and de- 
tects the difference between voices in speaking or singing, or 
between bells, horns, or the lowing of animals. 

Abuse. Neglects business; spends money uselessly for music. 

Small. Hardly detects discord, or different sounds. 

Average. Can distinguish discord, but not readily, may 
learn music but is not fond of it. 

Large. Quickly perceives discord, or distinguishes differ- 
ent tones, knows his neighbors by their voices; loves music. 

Combinations. Small melody, time, imitation, mimicry, 
weight, constructiveness, ideality, and harmony, can not learn 
music; but with these organs large and a sanguine lymphatic 
temperament, will be a choice musician every way. 

Cultivation. Exercise melody in observing sounds and 
imitating them; drill the voice and ear together. 

Restrain its excess, yet exercise it freely. It aids in sub- 
duing the passions, promotes health, and enriches the voice. 

Location. On the lateral part of the frontal bone outside 
of time, below harmony, and in front of constructiveness. 

48. ORDER. Love of physical arrangement — a place for 
everything, and a desire to have everything in its place. 



116 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Abuse. Over particular about placing things. 

Small. Has but little order; places tools, etc., at random. 

Average. Keeps tolerably good order, puts things in their 
places generally, yet is careless sometimes. 

Large. Loves to have everything in its place, and is an- 
noyed by disorder. 

Combinations. Small order, method, and neatness, will 
lack system and arrangement, and be a sloven; with small 
number, analogy, and business group, would likely fail; with 
large artistic faculties may be a workman, but lack order, and 
be slovenly at his work; but with large order, method, neatness, 
ideality, constructiveness, and executive faculties, will be neat, 
orderly, systematic, methodical, and have the ability to do well 
in any business suited to his capacity. 

Cultivation. Have a place for everything; put everything 
into its place; observe, and keep good order. 

Eestrain it by reason; be not needlessly particular. 

Location. The external angle of the eye, beneath the ori- 
gin of the superciliary ridge. 

49. NUMBER. Perception and memory of numbers, abil- 
ity to reckon in the head, numerical computation. 

Abuse. Neglect business to solve mathematical problems. 

Small. Is slow in, and dislikes to study figures. 

Average. Does well with practice, but not without. 

Large. Has great ability to reckon in the head; learns fig- 
ures well, and delights in mathematics. 

Combinations. Small calculation, causality, comparison, 
and locality, can not be a good mathematician, but with these 
organs, will be able to be a first rate mathematician; with large 
muscular motion and locality, will be a good surveyer; with a 
sanguine, or sanguine bilious temperament, will make a good 
engineer; with largre destructiveness added, a good topograph- 
ical engineer. 

Cultivation. Cast accounts in your head, add, subtract, 
divide, etc., mentally; use the faculty all you can. 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 117 

Eestrain the faculty to useful exercise is all you require. 
Location. External from order, and below melody. 

GENUS II. REASONING FACULTIES. 
These are mental powers peculiar to human beings, and ele- 
vate him above the brute that perishes. Almost every other 
faculty can be found in some of the inferior animals — as con- 
structiveness in the beaver; imitation in the monkey; benevo- 
lence in the dog, horse, cow, etc.; perception in nearly all, and 
submissiveness, firmness, vanity, etc., in many. None have 
the ability to reason, invent, progress, improve on their ances- 
tors' works, and adapt means to ends. All this man can do. 
From generation to generation he advances, going on to per- 
fection through the influence of the reasoning faculties. They 
form ideas, draw conclusions, appreciate resemblances, differ- 
ences, make suggestions, investigate authorities, and appropri- 
ate the labors of other faculties. They are located on the su- 
perior portion of the forehead, and extend up under the hair, 
in many persons. See cut 1, in front of heavy line, before 8 
and 9. This genus is divided into two species, viz: Reflective 
and Diplomatic. 

Species 1st. Beflective Faculties. 

These compare, seek for causes, and methodically arrange 
intellectual labors. They take cognizance o£ abstract relations, 
originate, and elaborate thoughts and ideas, and give an inves- 
tigating cast ol mind. They are necessary to the philosopher, 
yet without the diplomatic faculties, do not give the highest 
order of philosophers. This species is divided into three vari- 
eties, viz: Comparison, Causality, and Method. For location, 
see cut 1, No. 15. 

50. COMPAKISON. Ability to appreciate differences of 
quantity, or a difference between more aud less. 

Abuse Trying to discover differences where none exist, 
useless refinement in science. 



118 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Small. Has but little ability to appreciate differences in 
quantity; is deficient in power to compare things. 

Average. Has a fair share of such power, yet is not happy 
in making comparisons. 

Large. Can detect slight differences; is happy in contrasts, 
and comparisons in quantity, or in more or less. 

Combinations. Small comparison, individuality, and event- 
uality, will be very deficient in discovering, or making compar- 
isons; with small melody, and harmony, can hardly tell one 
tone from another; with large causality may comprehend prin- 
ciples bat will still be muddy minded. But with these organs 
all large will have great ability to discover, or make comparisons; 
is quick at detecting discord, and will be clear headed; and with 
large method, will be clear, systematic, and methodical in his 
ideas, thoughts, lectures, and writings. 

Cultivation. Compare and contrast everything you can in 
their quantities; notice differences all you can. 

Eestraint. Keep from excessive refinement in science, and 
do not allow this faculty to serve perverted propensities. 

Location. Above eventuality, on each side of the messiel 
line, below analogy, and inside of causality. 

51. CAUSALITY. Power to appreciate the force of causa- 
tion, or to trace effects to their causes. 

Abuse. Love of trancendentalism, and abstractions. 

Small. Unable to appreciate causation. 

Average. Can appreciate causes, adapt means to ends, lay 
plans, etc., but is rather deficient in this power. 

Large. Readily discovers causes, is very good at laying 
plans and adapting means to ends; inclined to be metaphysical 
and dwell on abstractions. 

Combinations. Small causality, with the other reflective 
faculties small, will be deficient in reasoning; with small per- 
ceptive groups, and diplomatic faculties, will be very deficient 
in intelligence — be almost a flat. But with large causality, 
comparison, and method, will be a good reasoner; with large 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 119 

perceptive and diplomatic groups, will possess a high order of 
mind; with small caution, moderate approbativeness, and large 
combativeness, will be a bold thinker and writer; and with large 
language, be a bold orator, and a fearless teacher of unpopular 
truths. 

Cultivation. Ask for the why of things; seek for their 
causes, and trace effects to the causes that produce them. 

Restrain this faculty from becoming the servant of perverted 
inferior faculties, or sustaining false creeds, dogmas, or plat- 
forms, for parties and sects; let facts and conscience guide it. 

Located outward from comparison, above locality, inward 
from method, and below suggestion. 

52. METHOD. Ability to systematize, and arrange the 
results of the other intellectual faculties with reference to some 
special object. The classifying faculty. 

Abuse. Over exact in arranging and classifying. 

Small. Destitute of system in thought; lacks method. 

Average. Loves a methodical arrangement of ideas, but 
seldom observes it; is guided by circumstances. 

Large. Is very systematic in thought and expression; works 
by system, observes method and arrangement in all his trans- 
actions; makes all he does bear on his labors; can hardly fail in 
business, because of exact method. 

Combinations. Small method, order, comparison, and indi- 
viduality, will keep everything in confusion; with small neat- 
ness and ideality, will be a sloven, and unable to appreciate the 
beauty, order, or system of the universe. Large method, order, 
comparison, eventuality, and observation, will be very system- 
atic, methodical, and orderly; work by rule; allow nothing 
to intrude upon his thoughts except it is legitimately connected 
with his business; with large business, guardian, and ambitious 
faculties, can be a very successful business man; and Dr. Powell 
says he has never seen a man with large method fail in business 
in any case whatever. 

Cultivation. Be methodical and systematic in all you do. 

Restrain it from excessive exactness. 



120 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Location. Outside of casuality, below inquisitiveness, above 
time, and inside of harmony, on the angle of the forehead. 

This faculty has been called wit, mirth, and humor, by differ- 
ent authors. But it seems like a queer place to put an organ for 
buffoonery among the intellectual faculties ! An idea of the 
ludicrous arises from incongruity — from a want of method, or 
from things being in a condition different from what was ex- 
pected, aimed at, or looked for, and laughter springs from the 
sudden anticipation of the gratification of some one, or more of 
our faculties. Hence, some will laugh at the thought of being 
revenged — some at the prospect of obtaining some long sought 
for object; children often laugh to see poultry slaughtered, be- 
cause they expect a pot-pie ! while others cry at the same sight. 

True wit depends upon the size, activity, and cultivation of 
the intellectual faculties — especially upon method, and its com- 
binations. One man arranges his thoughts in such a way that 
no ludicrous idea is seen by his hearers, while another will 
express the same ideas in such a way that nothing but the 
ludicrous appears. Let all investigate this subject, and throw 
light upon it if they can. 

Species 2rid. Diplomatic Faculties. 

These are reasoning faculties, yet they are diplomatic. They 
give the ability to appreciate resemblances, make suggestions, 
and hear testimony, either verbal or written. The successful 
diplomatist must hear testimony, look to precedents, suggest 
different plans, schemes, or ideas, and be able to see resem- 
blances in quality between different suggestions. Analogy, 
aided by comparison, mimicry, and observation, divines charac- 
ter, and has been called Human Nature, and as suggestion sug- 
gests how to act in company, how to adapt ourselves to others' 
prejudices, and render ourselves pleasing to them (a necessary 
trait in the character of the diplomatist), it has been called 
agreeableness, suavity, and pliability, by different authors. 

They are located at the upper part of the forehead, generally 



MENTAL FACULTIES. 121 

under the edge of the hair, in front of the social, and above the 
reflective group. See cut 1, No. 16. This species is divided into 
three varieties, viz: Analogy, Suggestion, and Inquisitiveness. 

53. ANALOGY. Ability to appreciate resemblances, or 
qualities; as between good and bad, or fine and coarse. 

Abuse. Use of illustrations foreign to the subject. 

Small. Unable to appreciate resemblances. 

Average. Can discover and use similitudes; is not happy 
in his illustrations at all times. 

Large. Full of illustrations, similitudes, and figures of 
speech; speaks in parables or fables; draws inferences from 
analogy, and often shows a want of resemblance in illustra- 
tions that are given. 

Combinations. Small analogy, comparison, size, form, and 
individuality, is destitute of ability to discover comparisons, 
likenesses, or resemblances; with small melody, harmony, and 
time, will be unable to detect discord in music; with small 
acquisitiveness be a poor judge of bad money; but with all 
these faculties large, and large causality, method, and inquisi- 
tiveness, will possess a high order of mentality; and with a 
sanguine encephalo-lymphatic, or bilious encephalic tempera- 
ment, will be a philosopher; with large suggestion, and inquisi- 
tiveness added, will be a good diplomatist. 

Cultivation. Study resemblances between qualities, and 
learn to detect discrepancies in false analogies or illustrations. 

Restraint. Use no superfluous illustrations, and no meta- 
phors when plain speech will suit you better. 

Located over comparison, in front of sympathy. 

54. SUGGESTION. Intuitive suggestion in cases of diffi- 
culty, or the ability to suggest resources that will aid us when 
ordinary means fail. 

Abuse. Suggesting resources when they are uncalled for. 
Small. Unable to suggest resources when needed. 
Average. Can suggest resources, but not always when they 
are needed, or such as will answer the purpose. 
Large. Is quick to make suggestions in cases of failure; 
11 



122 MENTAL FACULTIES. 

never lacks for resources; ready to try something new when 
other means fail; one source of experimenting. 

Combinations. Small suggestion, wonder, comparison, and 
large submissiveness, never tries a new scheme, but follows in 
the old beaten track; with large acquisitiveness, uses old modes 
for making money; large continuity, inhabitiveness, and small 
ideality, will love the old home best, and refuse to improve or 
beautify it. But with large suggestion, wonder, comparison, 
and small continuity, and submissiveness, will ever be ready to 
try the new, and seek out different resources; and with large 
constructiveness, causality, comparison, weight, form, size, and 
individuality, will make an inventor. 

Cultivation. Think of some new ways of accomplishing 
your desires; try to invent some new resources whenever they 
are needed. 

Kestrain this faculty to useful resources. 

Location. On each side of analogy, above causality, in 
front of mimicry, and inward from acquisitiveness. 

55. INQUISITTVENESS. A capacity to investigate human 
testimony, listen to evidence, hear, or read narrative, consult 
authorities, and sustain opinions by them. 

Abuse. Introducing more evidence than is needed. 

Small. Has no patience to hear testimony; never consults 
authorities; dislikes to quiz or be quizzed. 

Average. Can consult authorities, and listen to testimony, 
but cares little for either; may quote them for others, but relies 
on them but little for self. 

Large. Is constantly enquiring into everything around him; 
patiently hears all the evidence, consults all the authority he 
can, and loves narrative, biography, etc. 

Combinations. Large inquisitiveness, individuality, con- 
tinuity, watchfulness, cautiousness, benevolence, and causality, 
give us the best of a judge; add large method, analogy, sug- 
gestion, and acquisitiveness, and we have the diplomatist; add 
the business group, and we have the business man. When 
these organs are all small the reverse is true. 



APPLICATIONS OF PHREXOLOGY. 123 

Cultivation. Listen to evidence, hear testimony, consult 
authority, and read history, and biography. Be inquisitive. 

Kestrain this faculty to needed testimony or authority. 

Location. Outward from suggestion, above method, in front 
of imitation, and inward from neatness, or ideality. 

Combinations may be increased almost without end. Those 
given are specimens. You can make others for yourselves, 
after learning the true function of each faculty. 



ORGANIZATIONS SUITED TO DIFFERENT 
OCCUPATIONS. 

Every calling essentially different from every other, requires 
a different temperamental and phrenological development to be 
successful. 

1. Farmer, A farmer should have the sanguine bilious, 
saDguine bilious lymphatic, or bilious lymphatic temperaments, 
to give them muscular ability, and well-developed constructive- 
ness, ideality, color, method, order, inhabitiveness, adhesive- 
ness, philoprogenitiveness, acquisitiveness, muscular motion, 
approbativeness, and a good intellect. These will give them 
love of order, neatness, system and home, make them handy at 
fixiDg their own tools, fond of young stock, saving, industrious, 
ambitious of success, and intelligent — also fond of flowers, etc. 
fc, 2. Mechanics require sanguine bilious lymphatic, bilious 
encephalic, sanguine bilious encephalic, or sanguine bilious 
lymphatic, temperaments, with large individuality, form, size, 
weight, color, order, number, constructiveness, neatness, self- 
esteem, ideality, approbation, and large animo-vital forces. 
These will give strength, mechanical skill, neatness, ambition to 
succeed, self-confidence, and force of character. To make 
money and boss other hands, require in addition to the above, 
firmness, acquisitiveness, secretiveness, destructiveness, com- 
bativeness, benevolence and adhesiveness. Add large locality 
and number, and you have an Engineer. 

3. An Artist differs from the mechanic in having a finer 



124 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

temperament, and very large size, form, ideality, color, com- 
parison, imitation, and wonder. Add large locality, and indi- 
viduality, and you have a good Sculptor, a good Landscape 
Painter, and a good Penman. 

4. Merchants require a sanguine encephalic, a sanguine 
encephalo-lymphatic, or a sanguine bilious encephalic tempera- 
ment of a fine quality, with large qualitative perceptives, 
business group, caution, hope, number, order, method, self- 
esteem, approbation, construction, neatness, ideality, compari- 
son, analogy, suggestion, conscientiousness, and the social group. 
These will give taste, ambition, honesty, suavity, good judgment, 
system, quick perceptions, calculation, and skill in handling 
and tying up goods. 

5. Mathematician. A sanguine, or sanguine bilious tem- 
perament, with large number, comparison, causality, order, 
form, size, weight, method, and individuality. These make 
one quick in figures, enable them to comprehend the princi- 
ples of the science, and give that order and system that ensure 
success. With moderate animo-vital forces, and large event- 
uality, makes an Accountant. Add large acquisitiveness, 
locality, analogy, and comparison, and you have a good Cashier. 
"With large animo-vital forces added, you have the Surveyor. 

6. Printers require the sanguine, bilious, sanguine bilious 
or sanguine bilious encephalic temperaments, with large form, 
size, order, individuality, constructiveness, method, and fair 
acquisitiveness, and muscular motion; and the more intellect 
they have the better for authors, publishers, and proof-readers. 

7. Seamen or Boatmen require the same temperament as 
laborers, with large muscular motion, weight, order, firmness, 
combativeness, caution, acquisitiveness, alimentiveness, destruc- 
tiveness, time, and individuality. 

8. Poets require a fine, exquisite texture, and chiefly of the 
sanguine bilious, sanguine encephalic, bilious encephalic, san- 
guine bilious encephalic, bilious lymphatic, sanguine encephalo^ 
lymphatic, or quadruple — to any of which the nervous condi- 
tion may be attached — with large language, time, harmony, 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. J 25 

ideality, order, method, analogy, suggestion, eventuality, wonder 
and large animo-vital forces. 

9. Actors should have a sanguine, sanguine encepha- 
lic, sanguine encephalo-bilious, bilious encephalic, sanguine en- 
cephalo-lymphatic, or bilious lymphatic, with large language, 
eventuality, secretiveness, mimicry, suggestion, comparison, 
analogy, method, order and language. 

10. Musicians need a sanguine, sanguine lymphatic, bilious 
lymphatic, sanguine bilious, sanguine bilious encephalic, or a 
sanguine bilious lymphatic temperament, with large melody* 
harmony, time, mimicry, ideality, language, analogy, and 
eventuality. 

11. Orators require the sanguine bilious nervous, sanguine 
encephalic, sanguine encephalo-bilious, bilious encephalo-lym- 
phatic, or the quadruple temperament, with large language, 
eventuality, ideality, comparison, analogy, suggestion, harmony, 
self-esteem, approbation, moral organs, hope, mimicry, sym- 
pathy, and combativeness, with, average caution, destructive- 
ness, continuity, and small inquisitiveness, and acquisitiveness. 

Good lecturers, teachers, professors, statesmen, lawyers and 
preachers need nearly the same organization. The teacher, 
professor, lecturer, or statesman, needs more causality, locality, 
order, time, adhesiveness, and philoprogenitiveness, and less 
combativeness than the public orator; the lawyer needs more 
secretiveness, combativeness, and inquisitiveness; the preacher 
more faith, conscientiousness, benevolence, sympathy, submis- 
siveness, hope, caution, and less secretiveness, combativeness, 
acquisitiveness, destructiveness, and resentfulness, than either 
of these classes. 

12. Doctors require the sanguine encephalic, bilious en- 
cephalic, sanguine bilious, sanguine bilious encephalic, bilious 
encephalo-lymphatic, or sanguine bilious lymphatic tempera- 
ment, with large individuality, order, color, time, method, 
causality, comparison, analogy, suggestion, inquisitiveness, be- 
nevolence, adhesiveness, philoprogenitiveness, secretiveness, 



126 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

caution, hope, and self-reliance. But small acquisitiveness, 
combativeness, resentfulness, etc. 

13. Surgeon. Same as the physician, with large weight, 
muscular motion, form, size, constructiveness and destructive- 
ness added; with large ideality added, we have the Dentist. 

14 Editors and Authors require the bilious encephalic, 
bilious encephalossanguine, bilious encephalo lymphatic, or 
sanguine encephalo-lymphatic, with large comparison, analogy, 
causality, method, eventuality, ideality, time, firmness, and 
conscientiousness, with fair language, combativeness, cautious- 
ness, self-esteem, continuity, acquisitiveness, secretiveness, de- 
structiveness, and muscular motion. This combination makes 
a philosopher, the only good author we have. 

15. Tailors, Seamstresses, Milliners, Fancy- workers, 
and Jewellers, all require a fine combination of the sanguine 
bilious, and encephalic temperaments, in one with the lateral 
portions of the cerebellum moderate, the artistic group, form, 
size, color, weight, order, method, and suggestion large, and 
small combativeness, resentfulness, and watchfulness, with full 
language, time and melody. 

16. Landlords and Boarding-house Keepers require the 
sanguine lymphatic, bilious lymphatic, or sanguine bilious 
lymphatic temperaments, with large social and domestic groups, 
large approbation, eventuality, form, size, order, neatness, lan- 
guage, method, submissiveness, and animo-vital, and vegito- 
vital forces, with moderate combativeness, resentfulness, 
destructiveness, acquisitiveness, continuity, self-esteem, and 
watchfulness. But their cooks should have larger acquisitive- 
ness, alimentiveness, and smaller language. 

17. Criminals generally have the temperaments for good 
landlords, and laborers, with small moral, social, and sustaining 
groups; moderate intellects; large combativeness, resentfulness, 
destructiveness, acquisitiveness, secretiveness, amativeness, 
hydrativeness, and small mental activity — a coarse organization. 

Those who have such organizations should examine the 
analysis of each faculty, and learn how to increase, and restrain 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 127 

each faculty, and shun all wild company, and intoxicating 
drinks. See page 61, last paragraph. Above all, keep both 
head and hands busy at something useful, and cultivate small 
organs. 

If any have chosen an occupation not strictly according to 
their organization, they can improve deficient organs easier than 
learn a new business, unless they are very incompatible with 
their callings; and by perseverance they can educate their 
organization to their trades, and be successful in their business. 

MARRIAGE COMPATIBILITY. 
1.— TEMPERAMENTALLY CONSIDERED. 

This is the greatest of Dr. Powell's discoveries, and, if true, 
is destined to confer more blessings on man than any other 
discovery made since that of the art of printing. Man does 
not marry for a day, or a year, or even for several, but for a 
life-time; and the influence of that marriage in some cases 
reaches through several generations, and effects people both for 
this life and the next. 

Every child born into the world lives as long as Grod exists, 
and, if our popular theology be true, must be forever happy, 
or miserable, in time and in eternity. And as our lives affect 
those of our children, we should study the laws of propagation 
thoroughly before we engage in the matrimonial relations, or 
assume parental responsibilities. 

I can not, in a work like this, set forth all the conditions 
affecting children. This I will endeavor to do in a work I am 
preparing, and much may be gathered from many books now 
before the world. My first task is with the influence that the 
union of certain temperaments have on each other in the pro- 
duction of disease in offspring. 

For a full discussion of principles and reasons, I must again 
refer the reader to Dr. Powell's work already mentioned, and 
will proceed to give in brief the results of his investigations, 
which are as follows: 



128 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

1. Each temperament, or combination of them, should 
unite in marriage with its opposite. 

2. No temperament, or combination, should mate its like. 

3. The adjunctive temperaments are incompatible with 
themselves, or with each other, either alone or in combination. 

For the better guidance of the reader, I name the following 
combinations as suitable for union to produce good results. 

FORMULA. 

The Sanguine Temperament may unite with the bilious en- 
cephalo lymphatic, bilious encephalic, bilious lymphatic, or 
with a quadruple — where all four are joined; the first is best. 
Or either of these may unite with the sanguine temperament. 
The Bilious Temperament should have a sanguine encephalo- 
lymphatic, sanguine lymphatic, sanguine encephalic, or quad- 
ruple. The first is the best. Or, either of these may unite 
with the bilious temperament. 

The encephalic, or lymphatic, needs the sanguine, or bilious, 
or sanguine bilious temperament — and either of these may 
unite with either of those adjunctive organizations. 

The sanguine bilious needs the sanguine encephalic, or the 
bilious encephalic, according to which element predominates; 
and either of these may unite with the sanguine bilious. 

Where there is much deviation from these unions, the parents 
will either have no children, or they will be weakly, and die 
young, with various forms of disease pointed out in the history 
of the temperaments. 

Illustrations. Below I give results that I have collected 
by visiting houses, examining the parents and children, ascer- 
taining the number of deaths, and of what the children died, 
and also about what age they died. I will use the first letter 
of each temperament, and use that letter first that indicates 
which temperament is in the predominance — then the letter 
next that shows the next predominating temperament, and so 
on. The letter X. stands for xanthus, and means the red variety 
of the bilious temperament. N. shows that the nervous condi- 
tion is found in connection with other combinations. 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 129 

Case 1. Husband, E. S.; Wife, E. B. — incompatible; been 
married five years; had one child which is dead; are barren 
and childless. 

Case 2. Husband, S. with a little xanthus; Wife, S. B. E.; 
compatible; have had four children, all living and healthy. 

Case 3. Husband, B. E. S.; Wife, E. S.; incompatible- 
have had 7 children; 2 died of disease, one from the effects of 
a scald, four now living, and in moderate health, but not 
rugged. 

Case 4. Husband, X. B. E.; Wife, X. B.; compatible — 
have had four children; all living and healthy. 

Case 5. Husband, S.; Wife, B. E.; compatible; have had 
two children; both living and healthy. 

Case 6. Husband, E. B. N.; Wife, S. B.; compatible; have 
had eleven children; raised ten, all healthy; one drowned. 

Case 7. Husband, B. S.; Wife, B. S.; incompatible — have 
had eleven children; lost five, three in infancy, one at eleven 
years old, and one grown; none of the others are rugged. 

Since writing the above another has died, as. I have just heard. 

Case 8. Husband, S.; Wife, S.- — incompatible; had six 
children; four died of consumption — the two living ones are 
healthy. See comments on such cases. 

Case 9. Husband S., with a little X. and a little E.: Wife, 
E. B.; have had four boys, all living and healthy. See com- 
ments on such cases, 

Case 10. Husband, S. B. E.; Wife, S. — compatible; have 
had twelve children; eleven living and healthy — 7 boys and 4 
girls. Ail marry young. 

Case 11. Husband B., a little S.; Wife, B., a little E.; in- 
compatible because too near alike; have had twelve children; 
lost four of consumption, who were healthy till from 12 to 20 
years of ?ge, and then took consumption, and died in a short 
time. Several of their other children stand a chance of early 
death. 

Case 12. Husband, X. B. S.; Wife, X. B. E.— compatible; 



130 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

have had thirteen children, all living and hearty; 6 boys and 
7 girls. 

Case 13. Husband, S. B. L.; Wife, B. E. — incompatible; 
have had seven children; lost three of consumption — another is 
lying low of the same disease; the remainder tolerably healthy. 

Case 14. Husband, B. very little E.; Wife, S. E. L.; have 
had 4 children, all healthy; yet they are slightly incompatible. 

Case 15. Husband, S. B.; Wife, S. L. — compatible; three 
children, all healthy. 

Case 16. Husband, S. B. L.; Wife, S. E. L .— incompatible; 
have had seven children; lost two; one living boy, not rugged; 
one girl large head, both probably die young; another boy been 
sick a year or two, yet appears to have a good constitution, and 
vital tenacity. 

Case 17. Husband, S. L.; Wife, B, E. — incompatible; have 
had eleven children; lost four, and one of the remaining ones 
is very sickly; others mediocrity in all respects. 

Case 18. Husband, S. L.; Wife, S. E. — incompatible; have 
had nine children; buried seven — two living in fair health. 

Case 19. Husband B.; Wife B. a little S. Had one child, 
still born, and have had none since; been married over thirty 
years; both healthy, and have lived temperately, and worked 
moderately. 

Case 20. Husband and Wife both S. L. Have had six 
children: two born dead; two blind; one deaf, blind, and mute; 
one apparently bright and healthy — no resemblance to parents. 

Case 21. Parents cousins — compatible; had four children, 
all healthy and grown to manhood, quite intelligent. 

Case 22. Husband, S. with a little E.; Wife, S. L.-— slightly 
incompatible; have had four children; oldest healthy, but not 
rugged — neither is she intelligent; she is sanguine lymphatic. 
One daughter is a sanguine encephalic, very intelligent, ener- 
getic, and healthy; another is feeble in mind and body; and a 
son is deaf, and mute, and a cripple. Parents are cousins. 

Case 23. Husband, S. B. E.; Wife, S. L.— incompatible; 
had twenty-two children; two born dead; one was simple, and 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 131 

died young; six died under twelve years old; five more before 
they married; one married, but died in a few months; another 
had three children, and died under twenty-three years of age. 
All the others, but one, died before they were 30 years, and one 
only survived the parents. 

Case 24. Husband, B. N.; Wife, B. — incompatible; had 
nine children; parents were healthy, and lived to be old; chil- 
dren all consumptive; four died before they were married; two 
shortly afterward; two have not been heard from for some 
time, and were then weakly; one is certainly living, but has a 
bad cough, and otherwise weakly. 

Case 25. Husband, S. B. little L.; Wife,B. little E., highly 
nervous. Have had six children— lost one; others moderately 
healthy; yet they are not perfectly compatible. The children 
are all married, and two are very healthy. Parents were tem- 
perate, and industrious. 

Case 26. Husband, B. E.; Wife, S. L. — incompatible and 
cousins; no children, yet both healthy, moral, and intelligent. 

Case 27. Husband, S. B. E.; Wife, S. E. — encephalic strong 
in both — incompatible; no children; both healthy, etc. 

Case 28. Husband and Wife, S. L. — incompatible; no 
children; both healthy. 

Case 29. Husband, S. B. E.; Wife, B. — compatible; have 
had ten children; all living, healthy, and intelligent. 

Comments. In making observations on marriage compati- 
bility, I have met with two difficulties that require more time 
than I have yet had, to confirm or refute. 

1st. Dr. Powell says that when there is even a very little of 
an adjunctive element in each person, it makes the marriage 
highly incompatible, and should be avoided. But I am now 
inclined to the opinion that there can be no great objection to a 
union where one party has a sanguine temperament, with a little 
encephalic or lymphatic added, and the other a bilious temper- 
ament, with the same element but slightly marked, and the 
parties lead physically laborious lives. 

I have seen several cases of this kind, and all possess smart, 



132 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY, 

healthy children. But they may live to be 18 or 20 years old, 
and die off as in case 11, and some of 23. This remains for 
the future to decide, and it may be decided in Dr. Powell's 
favor. We will wait. 

I have also seen a case where the husband was bilious en- 
cephalic, and the wife sanguine bilious with a little lymphatic, 
and yet they have healthy children; and I believe that when 
the vital element in one party is contrary to what it is in the 
other, and strongly marked, a little of an adjunctive element in 
each parent can do no harm. Or if one party has two adjunc- 
tive elements with one strong vital one, and the companion has 
two vital elements with a weak adjunctive one, it will do no 
great harm. Still I advise all to choose by formula on 128th 
page. 

2nd. Where both parties are alike, and have several chil- 
dren, some of whom die off young, and others remain healthy, 
yet resemble neither parent much, I am at a loss to know how 
to explain the fact. Do the children resemble some ancestor, 
on one side or the other, a generation or two back, who was 
healthy, or has there been absolute fraud with reference to 
paternity ? 

I am collecting large numbers of statistics for a work on 
Marriage, Hereditary Transmission, and the means of im- 
proving the condition of the Human Family through compati- 
ble unions in wedlock. Before publishing that work I will 
visit hundreds of old couples, who have had large families, 
where the results are already known. 

The opinion prevails that when persons are in an extreme 
from each other they may marry. This is true, but not as 
commonly understood. A person may be fat, have a sanguine 
lymphatic temperament, and marry a lean companion—one 
with a bilious encephalo-nervous temperament — and be so in- 
compatible that they will have no children, or their children 
may be weak minded, or die young. 

It is also thought that when a person is well balanced, has 
all the temperaments, and is healthy, the companion should be 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 133 

exactly of the same kind. This is a fatal error. Bonaparte 
and Josephine were quadruples, but so incompatible that they 
were childless. Case 16 is an example where each had three 
temperaments, and were healthy, with bad results. 

Marry your opposite in temperament, and in phrenological 
development. But if you are badly organized, greatly deficient, 
you should not marry at all till you improve yourself. No one 
has a right to perpetuate selfishness, impurity, disease, and 
wickedness, and as all can improve if they will, it is a solemn 
duty to build up deficient health, increase weak faculties, and 
bring the strong, unruly ones into subjection, before they dare 
accept a responsibility that angels would shrink from assuming. 

2. PHRE NO LOGICALLY CONSIDERED. 

When any organ is excessive in both parents and is much 
exercised, it will produce a deficiency in their children, but 
where the faculty is not much exercised this will not be the 
case. Where it is small in both parents, yet active, their chil- 
dren may have it large, but where it is small and inactive the 
children will be deficient in the faculty and its manifestation. 

Where both parents have large moral, sustaining, and social 
powers, and exercise them excessively, their children's heads 
will be flat on top, and be as destitute of the moral powers as 
can well be imagined; and if the parents have now and then 
indulged their animal faculties a little too freely the children 
may be lewd, criminal beings. 

A man of powerful intellect who marries a woman with a 
medium, or moderate intellect, will probably have no children 
equal to himself. This will certainly be the case where the 
husband uses his mind to exhaustion, and the wife fails to use 
hers at all. 

The most intelligent minds we have spring from what we 
call the middle classes — from compatible unions of persons 
with reasonably good minds, and healthy bodies, and who 
exercised both minds and bodies to a degree that produced 
mental and bodily activity, and good circulation and health. 



134 APPLICATTONS OF PHRENOLOGY, 

Their bodily exercise gives physical vigor, which is transmitted 
to the children; and their reading, attending lectures on sci- 
ence and earnest study give them mental vigor, which is also 
transmitted to their children; hence they have minds and 
bodies capable of great achievements. 

But these great men often marry inferior women, or those 
temperamentally incompatible, and then by excessive mental 
toil and lack of bodily exercise disqualify themselves for the 
great duty of parentage, and either have no children or inferior 
ones. Hence your Bonapartes, your Washingtons, Jacksons, 
Marions, Clays, Websters, Crorawells, Franklins, Jeffersons, 
Cuviers, Madame de Staels, etc., are either childless or have 
children greatly inferior to themselves. 

But why do great men marry inferior wives? Because they 
have overtaxed their intellects, and the light, merry, joyous, 
and sometimes senseless conversation of a fashionable belle 
often amuses without taxing the tired intellect, and this sooth- 
ing influence charms them to the eternal injury of their off- 
spring. Intellectual men often ridicule thinking women — call 
them blue stockings, because their intelligent conversation taxes 
their tired minds, and wearies them. Let men cease their 
excessive mental toil, and the intellectuality of women will 
not repel them, nor the senseless twaddle of flirts be attractive. 

Where certain organs are well developed, and reasonably 
active for years, they will be strongly marked in the children; 
hence a long faithful adherence to a particular class of relig- 
ious opinions that affect a particular class of faculties, will pro- 
duce a particular phrenological development in the children, 
so that a close phrenological observer can predict the ancestral 
religion, for which Dr. Powell gives the following rules: 

1. Methodists. Large Social, Domestic, Animo-Yital and 
and Yegito- Vital forces; and. a strong feeling, enthusiastic tem- 
perament. 

2. Baptists, (Old School.) Large Firmness, Conscien- 
tiousness, Combativeness, and Resentfulness — pugilism and 
obstinacy; will contend for their opinions, and will not be 
driven. 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGV. 135 

3. Presbyterians, (Old School.) Love of power, Self- 
Esteem, Firmness, Vegito and Animo-Vital forces all large; 
social group less; and a less enthusiastic temperament. 

4. Campbellites, like the Methodists, with more combat- 
iveness. 

5. Quakers, like the Methodists, with more reflection and 
order. 

6. Swedenborgians. Large "Wonder, Faith, Benevolence, 
Ideality, Reflective and Domestic faculties. 

7. New School Presbyterians, Baptists, etc., are much like 
the Methodist, but have not been long enough in existence to 
have a distinctive mark. 

8. Catholics. Large Wonder, Faith. Submissiveness, Ad- 
hesiveness and Firmness, with small reflection, but large love 
of display. 

9. Episcopalians. Similar to the Catholics; love of dis- 
tinction. 

10. Universalists. Large Reflectives, Benevolence, Sym- 
pathy, Combativeness, Conscientiousness, Adhesiveness, and 
Firmness, with small Wonder, Submissiveness, Destructive- 
ness, etc. Vegito and Animo-Vital Forces like the Methodist, 
pretty good. 

But there is such a commingling of sects in marriage that 
the distinctive parental trait is often nearly lost. The same is 
true of political parties, which I pass by without giving the 
rules for knowing political ancestors. 

In the work I am preparing on marriage, I will give the 
rationale of hereditary transmission, leaving these few observa- 
tions to call attention to this important subject. 

We here have two important applications of the tempera- 
ments and phrenology, viz: The choice of trades, and compan- 
ions in marriage. Read these remarks over, beginning on page 
123, and then turn back and read the signs of the tempera- 
ments over and over till you can tell the temperameut of every 
one you meet. Then look at cut No. 1, page 30, ascertain the 
location of the groups of organs. Now turn to page 36, and 



136 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

study the rules for determining character, and you can ever 
after know who should be watched and who need not. Next 
turn to page 69, and re-read the analysis of all the faculties. 
First study the nature of the group — find its location on cut 
No. 1, and when you begin on the individual organs look at 
cut No. 2, and find their locations; then study their analysis, 
cultivation and restraint, and you will know more about your- 
self and fellow-men than you now do. 



PANTOMIME, 

Or the Natural Language of each Mental Faculty as manifested 
in the spontaneous actions of the body. 

Nearly all lecturers and writers on Phrenology have given 
their views on this subject. But there are two conflicting the- 
ories, and as I have but a few pages to spare, I will briefly 
state both opinions. 

Gall, Spurzheim, Combe, and Fowlers contend that the nat - 
ural language, or action of an organ is in the direction of its 
location — from the center of the brain to its circumference. 

Thus amativeness gives the backward action of the head, 
and philoprogenitiveness the same. Self-esteem gives an erect, 
proud position of the head, combativeness, a backward, lateral 
motion of the head, and the front lobe a forward, downward 
motion. 

But Prof. Powell contends for the reverse — that each organ 
gives a motion contrary to the direction of its location — from 
the surface to the center. Thus amativeness, philoprogenitive- 
ness and the posterior lobes throw the head forward — self-es- 
teem makes low bows; the front lobes give a backward action, 
and the base of the brain and cerebellum give an upward mo- 
tion. Many persons are inclined to laugh at both these theo- 
ries, especially when reduced to practice in deciphering char- 
acter from writing, walking, laughing, tones of the voice, etc. 
But every action of the body is the result of a mental action, 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 137 

and when natural and spontaneous, they are pictures of the 
mental emotions that produce them. Some say they can 
write several hands. Yes, and a good tragedian can act out sev- 
eral characters, but neither is his own; but as you see him in 
the street, walking along conversing, unconscious he is seen, 
you generally see his true character, which differs from all his 
acted ones. 

When a person walks, writes or laughs natural, spontaneous, 
easy and unguarded, the natural character will out; and when 
we learn the natural pantomime of the organs, human nature 
will be an open book to what it now is. 

Bales for Delineating Character by the Hand- Writing. 

Rule. 1. The cerebellum and base of the brain give up- 
ward strokes of the pen. 

Rule 2. When the coronal region is largest in proportion, 
the downward strokes will be longest; the pen will move over 
the paper with ease, and the hand may be round or not. 

Rule 3. The posterior lobes give forward strokes, indica- 
tive of energy and force of character. 

Rule 4. When the intellect predominates, and the poste- 
rior lobes are short, the hand will lean but little, be disconnect- 
ed, and have but little emphasis, or shading. It will be light, 
simple and intelligible — not caused by force of intellect, but for 
want of it in other powers. 

Rule 5. The social and liberal feelings produce an open 
hand-writing, while selfishness cramps it. 

Rule 6. Large firmness and combativeness, produce a stiff, 
constant, uniform hand-writing. 

Rule 7. When the intellect and lateral powers are large, 
the strokes will not be long, either above or below the line. 

Rule 8. The lateral powers of the head give different 
strokes: — 

Ideality gives grace and finish to the writing. 

Constructiveness gives a broad hand from the bottom to the 
top, as the letters m, n } etc. 
12 



138 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

Acquisitiveness gives a cramped, stingy hand. 
Secretiveness gives left hand turns — a round hand. 
Destructiveness gives right hand strokes, curves or turns; 
heavy and prompt. Watchfulness does the same. 

Combativeness gives a prompt, decided stroke of the pen. 
Eesentfulness, oblique, angular, spiteful strokes of the pen. 
Social and diplomatic faculties check the forward, and when 
large, produce backward movements of the pen — a back hand 
is the result of their action. 

Not only does the character show itself in the hand- writing, 
but in every act of our lives. The mind manifests itself in 
every tone of the voice, every motion of the hand, every step 
we take, every thought we express, our laugh, our shaking 
hands, our very prayers — all, all betray a part of our character, 
and to those who read this hand-writing of nature, we con- 
stantly betray ourselves, and should cultivate intelligence and 
purity that such a character may show itself in all we do, 
and are. 

The Voice is affected by our strongest and most active fac- 
ulties. Thus when a person is angry, he cuts, bites, or snaps 
off all his words very short, and speaks loud; destructiveness 
gives it a harsh, grating sound, and these organs, acting from 
their location toward the center of the brain, pitch the head 
forward. Their tendency is to contract the muscles, hence the 
teeth and fists are clenched; and they lend the eye a stern, 
cold, glaring, terrible aspect. 

But when the affections are active, we speak kind, soft, gen- 
tle words, full of affection and goodness, and the tones are 
sweet and musical. If two men are quarreling in loud, short, 
harsh words, the voice as grating as a rasp, and a lady steps in, 
their words and tones change, — become sweeter and more hu- 
mane than before. Hence love gives a sweetness, richness, 
and softness to the voice, never known prior to its being called 
into action. But loss of friends or fortune, call out subinis- 
siveness, and give a soft, but sad tone to the voice; and the 
devotional feeling gives a mellow, solemn tone to it as we 



APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 139 

hear in prayer or supplication. But if in prayer we see the 
ominous shake of the head, (destructivenes,) hear the loud 
voice, (combat.,) and short, cutting tones, (resent.,) we con- 
clude there is more animal than devotional feeling. 

Ideality uses chaste expressions, and with a well disciplined 
intellect imparts a clear, distinct utterance. Secretiveness and 
caution give wary, guarded expressions, in suppressed, stifled 
tones; and adhesiveness and the social group give friendly, 
rich, sympathetic language. 

Our Motions are correspondingly affected by the action of 
our mental faculties. In the movements of our hands and feet, 
large weight gives precision; constructiveness gives sleight 
and dexterity; ideality, form, comparison, and analogy, with 
a proper training, enable us to use graceful motions; large 
self-esteem and approbation give low bows and polite waves of 
the hand; combativeness, resentfulness and destructiveness, ab- 
rupt, angular, prompt motions, and large mimicry and imita- 
tion, and a want of mental discipline in connection with large 
approbation, will often give a superabundance of inappropriate 
gestures; and if the posterior (back) part of the head be rela- 
tively long and broad, the gestures will be forward, or up and 
down motions. 

So, too, the walk will likewise be influenced by the shape of 
the head — the size and activity of the organs. The steps will 
be long if the back of the head is long, and short when that is 
short. Mr. Fowler says of those who take long steps that, — 
11 Their heads and plans, too, will partake of the same far- 
reaching character evinced by their carriage." This is true 
only when they take long, quick, prompt, regular steps; but 
when the front lobes of the brain are short, and the back lobes 
long, the step will always be long, yet the person may be inef- 
ficient, useless, slovenly, or even short-sighted, and often lazy. 
Acquisitiveness when large and but little influenced by other 
powers, gives narrowness, littleness, and sometimes meanness, 
and gives a cramped, crowded hand- writing, plants his corn 
rows into his very fence corners, makes his doors and windows 



140 APPLICATIONS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

narrow, and gives a contracted walk; hence a short brisk step 
indicates an active, but narrow-souled person; but if the step is 
short and dragging, the person is a narrow-minded, stingy slov- 
en, destitute of taste or neatness — unless over-worked by some 
relentless task-master, or terrible necessity; and those who walk 
affectedly or artificially, will be as artificial in character as their 
walk. Those whose walk is easy, natural, unaffected, will be 
as natural in character; if their step be long, regular, prompt, 
easy, natural, and graceful, you see an accomplished, efficient, 
prompt, bold, liberal, open-hearted person, with power and en- 
ergy of character. 

Shaking Hands tamely and loosely indicates a cold, distant, 
unfriendly person, rather selfish, perhaps a lover of fame, con- 
servative and soulless. But the cordial, firm grip, and earnest 
shake, indicates an open-hearted, friendly, earnest person, who 
will be a friend in need, yet may be a stern opponent. 

There are many other signs of character that we can not de- 
tail here, but they are governed by the same law: Each facul- 
ty acts with with an energy proportionate to the size of its 
organ, and in a direction contrary to its (the organ's) location. 

But it should be remembered that in deciphering character 
by actions, that they may be assumed, be unnatural, or acted 
for a specific purpose. But when spontaneous, natural and un- 
trammelled, they reveal the true character as it exists at the 
time the action is made. Hence if combativeness is active, it 
will show itself in the writing, walking or tones of the voice; 
and so of all other faculties. 

But'the head never varies with the emotions that spring from 
sudden excitement; and the only reliable test of character is 
from the study of the Temperaments, Mental excitability, and 
Phrenological analysis. 



APPENDIX. 141 



APFENDIX. 

It was stated on page 49 that red hair is a sign of the bil- 
ious, or xanthus temperament. Our reasons for this belief are 
as follows: — 

1st. Red haired people generally have the same shaped 
heads as the dark haired bilious class. 

2nd. The red and black haired varieties will not cross and 
give a sandy haired offspring — but will produce either red, or 
black haired children. 

3d. Black haired, bilious parents moving from Louisiana 
or Texas, to the mountainous regions of the north, will have 
some, perhaps all — red haired children, especially after a few 
years' residence; and red haired bilious parents leaving the 
north, and moving to the hot, flat climate of the south, will 
have black haired children. 

This is an important idea, and may remove many donbts 
from the minds of husbands, with regard to the constancy and 
virtue of their wives, and save innocent women from an unho- 
ly and an unjust suspicion. 

4th. Mercury and other strong medicines produce the same 
effects on the xanthus or red bilious as on the dark variety. 

5th. Their chirography is alike, and this is the most deli- 
cate of tests when understood. The long back lobes giving 
the leaning strokes. 

The foregoing are Dr. Powell's opinions; and I am fully 
satisfied that his are the only correct views of temperament; 
and every phrenologist and physiologist should use his influ- 
ence to make them known. 

The sanguine and the bilious are primitive temperaments, 
and can not be changed. No one ever saw a bilious boy turn 
into a sanguine man, or vice versa. But the adjunctive — lym- 
phatic and encephalic — can be engrafted on to them, so 



142 APPENDIX. 

that a bilious man may become a bilious lymphatic, or bilious 
encephalic, — a sanguine may become a sanguine encephalic or 
a sanguine lymphatic. 

The lymphatic and encephalic can be increased or decreased 
in power, and so can the nervous condition. Both the nervous 
and encephalic can be increased by excessive mental action, 
and deficient physical exercise; and the lymphatic can be de- 
creased by living on dry food, spare diet, drinking but little at 
any time, and taking an abundance of exercise. 

The sanguine, lymphatic, and encephalic temperaments, sin- 
gly, or combined with each other, can not bear mercury, quinea, 
or morphia; but the bilious can bear them with but little ap- 
parent injury, and a very little of the sanguine, lymphatic, or 
encephalic may be added without great injury; but caution 
should always be used when any other element is found ex- 
cept the bilious. The author never gives medicine of any 
kind as a healing agent, but as other physicians do, he thinks 
that each physician should know what organization can en- 
dure the goliahs of medicine. He believes that thousands of 
lives have been sacrificed to medicine for want of a knowledge 
of this temperamental doctrine. And here let him utter a 
word of caution about some persons insisting on others being 
"doctored" in the same way they have been treated. Suppose 
a person of a strong bilious temperament has been sick, and 
been treated by a physician who uses calomel and other strong 
medicine, and under this treatment soon recovers. And sup- 
pose her child is taken sick, and it has the bilious encephalic 
temperament — the encephalic greatly predominant, and she 
sends for the same physician, who is ignorant of the fact that 
different temperaments can not, without injury, be treated alike, 
and he gives the child calomel in the same doses he has "fed" 
it to bilious children, the result would be a great injury — per- 
haps the death of the child. 

In a neighborhood where we have recently been, a case oc- 
curred where a lady who has a strong share of the bilious ele- 
ment was treated by an alopathic physician. She recovered , 



CONCLUSION. 143 

was very grateful, and became a great friend to her doctor. A 
neighbor of hers who had been married but a few years, and 
had but one child, which was taken sick, wished to employ 
another physician, and this grateful woman was almost angry, 
because her young neighbor would not employ her physician. 
But this child had a sanguine encephalo-lymphatic tempera- 
ment — three elements all incompatible with strong medicine, 
and had the alopathic physician attended and administered 
mercury, the child certainly would not have recovered. But 
her young friend happened to choose a physician who gave but 
little medicine and a great deal of bathing, etc., and her babe 
is well. I hope the day is not far advanced when all classes of 
our physicians will understand the influence of the tempera- 
ments; and then if they think they must use strong medicines, 
they will do so with more discrimination. 

The following temperaments are liable to acute forms of dis- 
ease, and are seldom troubled with chronic maladies: San- 
guine, lymphatic, sanguine bilious lymphatic, sanguine lym- 
phatic, sanguine encephalo-lymphatic, bilious encephalo-lym- 
phatic, and quadruple. But the bilious, the encephalic, bilious 
sanguine, bilious encephalic, bilious encephalo-sanguine, and 
sanguine encephalic are all liable to assume chronic forms of 
disease. 



CONCLUSION. 

Now, reader, as Phrenology has claims that are important, 
and affect us for time — perhaps eternity — and not one alone, 
but all members of society; and as these claims are made by 
honorable, talented, and scienti6c men belonging to all creeds 
and professions, you have no right to reject it with a cold sneer, 
nor to call it an imposition, or a humbug; because you at the 
same time call all the believers in this science, impostors, and 
humbugs, or worse yet — fools! This would show you to be a 
person of low breeding, and bad mansers, to say the least. 



144 CONCLUSION. 

And as believers in Phrenology have generally investigated the 
claims of the science thoroughly, and you have not, with few ex- 
ceptions, it leads them to believe you are dishonest — or a big- 
oted, narrow-minded person. 

In closing this volume, I will say that I first wrote the work 
large enough to make over two hundred pages, and then cut it 
down by removing a word here, and another there — re-writing 
a sentence now and then, so that the same idea was expressed 
in fewer words, and dropping parts of sentences, thus: — 

" Small. When the organ is small it causes one to be lazy, 
or an idle disposition, and an indolent turn. It makes one a 
natural do-nothing — and produces deficiency in force of char- 
acter, and a dislike of exercise," Here we have thirty-nine 
words, but I cut it down to this: — 

" Small. Is lazy, idle, indolent — a natural do-nothing — de- 
ficient in force of character, and dislikes exercise." See page 
71. Here we have seventeen words only, having cut it down 
twenty-two words — more than half. So, reader, you yet a dol- 
lar book for fifty cents, without losing one important thought. It 
has frequently injured the style, and has required an immense 
amount of labor. But I feel certain that every reader will be 
well paid in thought, for his money, and the trouble of perusing 
this volume. 

Hoping the directions of this book will enable every reader 
to become better, physically, mentally, and morally, the author 
bids each one of you an affectionate 

Farewell. 



Run. 17, 18S7 



H 



DR. BUCKLY'S LECTURES. 

COMMENDATORY NOTICES. 

Mt occupation is that of a traveling lecturer on Physiology. Phrenology, 
Temperance, Education, Phonography, Marriage, and Private Lectures to men 
onhu on important subjects. 

As many will not patronize a lecturer without he is well recommended by 
the public, I present a few testimonials, which are much condensed, (or mere 
extracts) as I have room for but a small part of what I have; but others can be 
seen by calling on me. The best recommendation, however, I can give, is a 
course of lectures, as this allows all to judge for themselves. I once lectured 
ou Phrenology and kindred branches only, and several recommendations refer 
to this period. I afterwards studied medicine, and provided myself with 
anatomical plates, casts, skulls, drawings, busts, skeletons and other apparatus; 
and I have been lecturing on the bones, muscles, digestive organs, lungs, 
skin, &c, and teaching the means of preserving or restoring health by means 
of food — exercise — clothing — ventilation — bathing — rest — study — amusement 
— and governmentof the passions. A few testimonials in reference to these lec- 
tures—my private lectures and temperance, are all I can present here. 

Although I am traveling and lecturing throughout the western States, per- 
sons can cause letters to reach me by directing them to me, post paid, care of 
Longley Brothers, Cincinnati, O., who will forward to me. 

J. G. BUCKLY. 

Extract of a letter from a friend in Pennsylvania, in 1846. 

" I often hear able, eloquent lecturers— classical scholars— yet I can truly say 
that your lectures are more pleasing and instructive— more forcible and im- 

{»ressive — and produce more lasting effects than any to which 1 have ever 
istened. Your style is so bold and plain that it is hard to forget ichat. you say, 
while those more flowery leave impressions like beauty (only skin deep,) and 
they fade from memory as their authors fade from sight. The Want of flowery 
eloquence in a teacher is often his best recommendation." 

F. M. Reese. 

At the close of Mr. J. G. Buckly's lectures on Phrenology, delivered in Pair- 
field, Ohio, January, 1848, the following resolutions were passed unanimously 
by the class: 

Resolved, That we have listened with uncommon interest to the lectures of 
Mr. Buckly on the subject of Phrenology. 

That the lectures of Mr. B. have impressed us with much respect for its 
practical importance, applied to the selection of occupations, apprentices, busi- 
ness, partners, &c. 

'lhat his lectures on Matrimony and Education are excellent, and worthy of 
the special attention of every community. His lecture on Schools and School- 
teaching embodies the only true basis for a good, practical education. 

That we consider Mr. B*. a good tracker of this science; and that we esteem 
him as an excellent lecturer on, and elucidator of, most of the sciences apper- 
taining to the welfare of man. 

That we recomimma him to every community wherever he may go, as a 
good lecturer, practical Phrenologist", and a moral man; and wish him great 
success in disseminating ihe blessings that will inevitably flow from a correct 
knowledge of the human mind as developed by Phrenology. 

J. O. CUKTIS, President. 

J. J. M'lLHENY, M. D., Secretary. 



TfR. BUCKLY'B LECTURES. 

Asa lecturer on Phrenology I consider Mr. Buckly quite competent. His 
knowledge of this and other kindred natural sciences is full. As a delineator 
of character, he is excellent, and in every way worthy the consideration of a 
thinking community. J. J. M'lLHENY, M. D. 

April 26^, 1848. 

Ekon, Ohio, April, 1848. 

Having listened with much interestand profit to a course of lectures delivered 
by Mr. Buckly on Phrenology, we hesitate not in saying that he is tne ablest 
lecturer on that science, as well as the most minute delineator of character, 
with which we have ever met. We therefore recommend him to an intelligent 
public. .Signed by a number of citizens of Enon and vicinity. 

Resolved, That wo have listened to a course of Phrenological lectures and 
instructions by Mr. Buckly, with interest and pleasure, and we trust with «• 
procement. 

That in Mr. B. the science of Phrenology has an active, able, and energetic 
defender, and from his success as a lecturer, and his accuracy as an examiner, 
we consider him well qualified to teach this noble science. 

That Mr. Buckley leaves this place with our gratitude for his services, and 
our best wishes for his happiness; also, for success in those sciences on which 
so much in morals, in religion, and in happiness depends. 

The above resolutions, with which I fully agree, were adopted by Mr. Buck. 
\\'a class at Wallace's school-house, on the occasion of closing his lectures at 
that place. G. W. PARKINS. 

March 4th, 1848. 

It has frequently been my privilege to listen to various lectures delivered by 
Mr. J. G Buckly, on Phrenology, but I have never met any one who could 
hold it up in that striking light and impressive manner, in which it bas 
always been presented by Mr. B. i have listened with increased interest w 
each of many lectures which I have heard him deliver. 

1 therefore recommend him to every community as a lecturer who will givo 
universal satisfaction. I also knoic him to be an able and competent teacher of 
science, as well as a moral and virtuous man. F. P. CUPPY. 

Fairfield, O., March 27th, 1848. 

I take great pleasure in stating that Mr. J. G. Buckly, teacher of Phrenol- 
ogy, has few equals, either in extent of his acquirements, or the fluent, easy 
manner with which he communicates his thoughts. His delineations of human 
character, Phrenologically, are acknowledged to excel those of other lecturers 
in the West. 

Mr. Buckly's acquirements are not confined to Phrenology— his ample 
mind is richly stored with a great variety of learning. 

His lectures are in everyway calculated to inspire the youth with the love of 
virtue, and mental improvement — than which a higher recommendation, in my 
opinion, could not be given. G. W. PARKINS. 

Central College, April 23, 1848. 

Resolved, That this community tender their sincere and hearty thanks to Dr, 
J. G. Buckly, for his able, interesting and lucid exposition of the principles of 
Physiological and Phrenological science. 

Resolved, That we cordially recommend Dr. Buckly to all men everywhere, 
as a teacher of no ordinary abilities; as one eminently worthy of their esteem 
and patronage. 

Resolved, That a copy of the same fee presented to I)r. Buckly. 

Passed in open meeting at Wow Palestine on the 6th of Dec, 1849. 

AMOS FLOURS, Chairman. 

JAMES E. CORY, Clerk. 

After an acquaintance of six months, and having during that time heard a 
course of lectures on natural science by J. G. Buckly, I feel no hesitancy in 
recommendiug him to the friends of science; 1 deem him fully competent 
to illustrate and explain them. He is an extensive reader, and a close think* 
er— bears a good moral character, and is a bold and fearless advocate of truth. 

Fairfield, 0. f April 7th. 1848. JOS, T. READ, M. D. 



COMMENDATORY NOTICES. 

I have lately attended a course of lectures on the science of the Human 
Mind, delivered by J. 6. Buckly, and feel free to say that he is a good lectur- 
er, and that any community will be well instructed by employing him to lee- 
ture on his favorite sciences. DR. A. B. FERRIS. 

JWw WcstvilU, O., Oct. lOtA, 1843. 

Mr. Buckly's style of lecturing is peculiar to himself— deep, brilliant and 
impressive— at the same time easy and familiar. Many of his thoughts are 
new and original, and in advance of the age, but he boldly and fearlessly de- 
clares them, and rather courts than shuns opposition. His qualificationsare of 
a high order, his moral character unimpeachable — and he is in every way wor- 
thy of tho patronage of an intelligent community. 

fthica, O., AVc. 9th, 1848. M. L. HARTER, M. D. 

He (Buckly) has a splendid set of Anatomical Plates, Drawings. Skulls, «&c, 
and is capable of illustrating his subject in a clear, tangible, and forcible man- 
ner. He is no old Phrenological Pilgrim, and is well acquainted with his sub- 
ject, (Anatomy and Phvsiology.) He can talk with ease and independence. 

Winchester, O., Feb' 20th, 1854. DK. H. WISXKR, of New York. 

Mr. Buckly delivered a course of lectures here to tho entire satisfaction of 
all. They teem with useful instruction, and are delivered in a manner to 

rloftfe, interest, and instruct all who hear him. His lectures are no humbug, 
assure you, and 1 hope you will give him a cordial welcome and fair hearing, 
He preaches Jiard and long against the most popular evils of tho day. [Extract 
of n letter of introduction from J. Zehriug of Farmarsville, O., to tho citizens 
of Johnsville, O., March 9, *49. 

The Club at Farmersvillo passed six long resolutions — here are two of them: 
Resolved, That we have listened to the lectures of Mr. Buckly on Anato- 
my, Physiology and Phrenology, with great interest, and were delighted with 
the clearness with which he has elucidated the principles of the human consti* 
tution. and the laws of health illustrated with his excellent drawings and nu- 
merous skulls, together with the correctness with which he delinoated charac- 
ter in his public examinations. 

Resolved, That from his deportment we recognise him as a gentleman, and 
most cordially recommend him to the kind reception and special attention of 
all lovers of science. 

The Club at Johnsville, 0., passed thirteen resolutions. Tho following are 
selected : 

Resolved, That his lectures on the Preservation of Health should be patron- 
ized by old and young. 

Resolved, That the single lecture on the Chest and Respiration is worth, to 
any one who will apply the doctrine to himself, the price of the whole course. 

Resolved, That his lecture on National Education is invaluable to every pa- 
rent and philanthropist, and correctly applied would materially improve the 
Intellectuality of our nation. 

Resolved, 1 hat we consider his whole course as highly instructive and worthy 
the patronage of an intelligent public, and that we recommend him as a gen- 
tleman, a scholar and a moral mau. 

Esquire Beecher, in a letter to thirteen of the principal men of Liberty, O., 
says: '» Mr. Buckly has been lecturing here (at Johnsville) on Phrenology, 
Phvsiolojjv. (fee. and iu justice to him I must say that he is a gentleman and a 
scholar. His lectures are instructive and pleasing. Give him a hearing, and 
Li* lectures will recommend him in every enlightened community." 

Prof. Buckly has delivered a course of lectures on Anatomy, Physiology and 
Phrenology In the M. E. Church at Johnsville, rendering universal" satisfaction. 
1 can myself bear ample testimony to the highly instructive character of his 
lectures. He needs but a trial to establish his reputation. He is a gentleman, 
u scholar and a philanthropist. Any favor you may be pleased to show him 
will be deemed a personal favor by yours, &c., 

March 21th, '48 J. B. E. ALBRIGHT, M. D. 






DR. ROCKLY'S LECTURES. 

His lectures are interesting, original and instructive,— they elevate the min« 
to aspirations for something good and useful, and point the way to health anr 
happiness. Every lover of "truth Avho has an opportunity should hear him. 

DR. SILVANUS G. TALBERT. 
We have attended a course of lectures on the Laws of Health, delivered in 
. the Union Church in Liberty, O ^by J. G. Buckly, and take pleasure in recom- 
mending him as an able lecturer, deserving the patronage of the public, as- 
suring those who hear him that his lectures are no " humbug." 
April 28, '49. Signed by all of the Club. 

The Rev. E. "VVooley, who is also an M. D., in an introductory letter to his 
friends, says: " Dr. Buckly is a lecturer on various sciences, and has delivered 
a course in the F. B. Meeting-house at Milan, -Inch 1 have attended a number 
of his lectures, and believe that much good will result from Dr. B.'s efforts to 
promote science and truth. 1 can heartily advise you to assist in obtaining an 
opportunity to deliver his lectures in your vicinity. Some of his views may 
seem strange and untrue to some minds. But 1 am confident, (though not en- 
dorsing all his views) that a candid examination can never hurt the great and 
glorious cause of truth and humanity. The lectures 1 have heard, 1 truly wish 
could be imprinted on the mind of every human being in the world." 

The committee of arrangement in Dillsborough, Ind., says: " We have no 
hesitation in recommending Dr. Buckly wherever he may go, as an able advo- 
cate of Physiology and Phrenology, and as far as we know from hearing and 
observation, a man of good moral character." 

At Alquina, Ind., I received two pages of foolscap, full of resolutions, from 
which I select tlje following : 

Resolved. That Dr. Buckly is a bold, free, intelligent and able lecturer. That 
he has clearly shown to all intelligent minds who have listened to him, the 
great necessity of mankind generally becoming acquainted with the impor- 
tant subject of his lectures, (Physiology and Phrenology.) 

Resolved. That we have closely scrutinized the conduct of Dr. Buckly since 
he has been among us, and have found him to be a gentleman in word, thought 
and action— a bold advocate for reform— a fearless opposer of idolized 
wrongs, whether individual, social or national — a man of warm feelings and 
generous sympathies — sound in head and heart." 

Dublin, Ind., gave the following : 

Resolved, That as the citizens of Dublin have attended a course of lectures 
given by Dr. Buckly on Physiology, Marriage and National Education, we do 
not hesitate in expressing our entire approbation of the lectures, and that w« 
believe them well calculated to enlighten the public on matters alout which 
they are generally too ignorant, — and we lurther cheerfully recommend Dr. 
Buckly to the favorable consideration of those in whose society he mav appear 
as teacher of the above subjects. J. WHIPPO, Chairman. 

April lOtA, '54. B. F. WITT, Secretary, 

Extract from the minutes of the Jonestown Washingtonian Temperance So- 
ciety, Lebanon County, Pa.: 

" In conformity with adjournment we assembled at the West Ward School 
House, June 17th, 1843. The Society was called to order by the President. A 
large assembly of persons had collected to hear Mr. Buckly, of Ohio, give a 
lecture on Intemperance in a new and scientific manner. On motion he was 
called on to address the society. He went into a detailed account of the phys- 
iological laws, proving the utterly ruinous effects of Alcohol upon the consti- 
tution Of man, — giving, likewise a delineation of the more immediate effects 
of spirituous liquors upon the animal passions, and establishing triumphantly^ 
on principles ol Phrenology, the tendency of ardent spirits to destroy the mor- 
als and welfare of a people. He was listened to with attention, and he suc- 
ceeded to admiration. 

On motion, the thanks of the Society were tendered to Mr. B. for the able 
address he delivered. WM. RANK, President of the J. W. T. S. 

DR. JOHN C. SELTZER, Secretary, Pro. tern.'' 



COMMENDATORY NOTICES. 

Rtso'veil, That, in the opinion of this meeting', Dr. Buckly's lectures on Tem« 
peranee and education are eminently calculated to advance the cause of hu- 
man improvement and reform, to make the inebriate pause in his mad career, 
and the faltering devotee of science renew his exertions in tlie attainment of 
knowledge. . [One of tho New Palestine resolutions.] 

Resolved, That we highly appreciate Dr. Buckly's efforts as a Temperance Lec- 
turer, and recommend him to the favorable consideration of all temperance 
communities and organizations wherever he may go, as an instructive tern 
peranee lecturer. [One of the Alquina resolutions.] 

We have been delighted and instructed by his lectures on Education, Mar 
riage, Temperance, &c, and believe him unequalled on these subjects by any 
jMjrson ice have ever heard. [From Enon, Ohio.] 

A3 some doubt the propriety of my private lectures, I will give two sam- 
ples of the opinion of those who have heard them. Mrs. Buckly now lectures 
to the ladies, which relieves me. That these lectures are liked is proved by 
the following : 

We have heard Dr. Buckly's lectures on the Transmission of desired Mental 
and Physical Qualities, the Clioice of Suitable Companions, and Female Diseases, 
and were highly delighted with them. And as some expression of ours is due 
him and the public, we return him our thanks for ihe instruction he gave us, 
and earnestly recommend him to all— the ladies especially — assuring them 
that the information which he imparts is calculated to improve the condition 
of ot r sex. and benefit our race. [Signed by 21 ladies of Mechanicsburg, O.] 

June 1st, 1*J0. 

Dr. Buckly — Sir; Your laudable, well-directed efforts to elevate "woman'' 
to that rank in society to which she is by nature entitled, with the just estimate 
you have placed upon female character and influence, have laid us under a 
debt of gratitude. Wita these feelings we cannot consent to have you leave 
our Community without tendering you some slight testimonial of the pleasure 
we have taken in listening to your lectures. Accept our thanks for your exer- 
tion in our behalf, and rest assured that if the most cordial good wishes of the 
ladies of Dillsborough can be of any avail, you will not fail to enjoy all that 
honor and happiness which you have been so faithfully laboring to confer ou 
others. "[Signed bv twentv ladies of Dillsborough, Ind.) 

March \lth, 1653. 

I have many more similar recommendations. One from Alquina, signed by 
forty- four ladies and gentlemen — another from Manchester, Indiana, signed 
by many ladies of that place. But as Mrs. Buckly has relieved me of this 
pleasant responsibility. 1 will present a specimen of public opinion concerning 
her. 

Resolved, That we cannot part with Mrs. Buckly without rendering her a 
tribute of respect which her merits demand — that we highly esteem her, and 
appreciate her worth as a talented lady, every way qualified to bless the circles 
in which she moves. [One of the Alquina resolutions.] 

The following is from Che ladies of Dublin. Indiana, to Mrs. Buckly: 

We the undersigned ladies of Dublin, Ind., have heard Mrs. Buckly, wife of 
Dr. J. G. Buckly, give a private lecture lo a large audience of ladies— many of 
whom would not hear a gentleman lecture on the same subject — and as her 
lecture is calculated to benefit all, and especially those ladies who are in ill- 
health, we deem it our duty to recommend her, as a lady well worthy of their 
patronage and confidence. [Signed by over thirty ladies of Dublin, Ind.] 

April LQth, li?54. 






SA4A4AAA4AAAJ 



miihi 



-AJVClESXt.XC.A.lH' 




No. 168 Vine Street, Cincinnati, 0. 

Ten years' experience in the Phonographic art, aa Teacher and Re- 
porter, and for nearly the same period occupied, more or less, in preparing 
books for the press, give the author of the American Manual ok 
Phonography the fullest assurance in presenting this work to the 
public. Since its first publication, it has undergone careful revision, and 
now appears in an entirely new dress, in every way adapted to the wants 
of the teacher and private learner. It differs from any other work pub- 
lished, in the following particulars: 

1. The explanatory matter is in large, clear type. 

2. The Phonographic Exercises are engraved in a bold, distinct style, 
that they may be as easily read by candlelight as daylight. 

3. The Reading and Writing Exercises are introduced just where the 
text requires them, whether it be on the same page or the opposite one. 

4. The Exercises to be written are printed in phonetio spelling, which, 
being fully explained, enables the learner to analyze accurately, and 
vocalize his writing correctly — two essentials to rapid progress and the 
attainment of a good style. 

5. Each lesson is closed with a review in the form of questions, which, 
as in all other text books on science, proves of great service to both learner 
and teacher. 

6. It contains more extensive lists of Contracted Words, and more 
Phraseography than any other work. 

7. Beside the above characteristic features, the American Manual 
possesses all the late improvements in Phonography, including the adapta- 
tion of the art to the writing of foreign languages. 

8. The American Manual is one-fourth larger than works of the kind 
usually are, more space being devoted to an exposition of the philosophy 
of the system, for the purpose of satisfying the student in regard to the 
necessity of the various contractions, etc. It is printed on the very best 
of paper, and is substantially and elegantly bound. 

PRICES:— Single copies, in paper covers, 40 cts,; postage 4 cts. 

" in boards, 45 cts.; " 8 cts* 

" in cloth, 50 cts, ; M 8 cts. 

" in black sheep, 75 cts. ; K 8 cts. 

Three to 10 copies at one-fourth less; 12 to 20 at one-third less; 

25 or more at half price, 

%■» > »» » «■ » » »» fWWW W WW * '* 9 » t'f' ri I * V * 9<9 »l) ITTT^^ IMMUM ' Mir 



'^■'■'■'■'■'■^^•■^^•■'■•■•■'"■•■'■•■'■'■^'■'-^'-^^'■^^'■^^^'■'■'■'■^■•■'■'■^^'■'■'■'-'■^^r 



Jtotatejts tA l|0it0gra^g. 

Phonography has been defined as a philosophical method 
of writing the English language, with an alphabet composed 
of the simplest geometrical signs, which accurately represent 
the sounds of spoken words. It may be written six times as 
fast as the ordinary longhand, and is equally legible. Aside 
from the scientific propriety of the system, as made manifest 

J in the Introduction which follows, the following practical 

I advantages are worthy of consideration: 

1. To professors of scientific and literary institutions — to 
i gentlemen of the bench or the bar — to legislators in the halls 

of representation — to ministers of religion — to lecturers on 
the various arts and sciences— it presents the most invalu- 
able aid, in enabling them to arrange, condense, and fix their 
thoughts, facts, arguments and proofs, in the briefest period 
of time and the shortest possible space, presenting, in the 
condensed schedule of a small page, a full and complete syn- 
opsis of their most elaborate speeches, orations, or discourses. 

2. By its aid, the advocates in the courts of justice or the 
halls of trial, will be enabled to write, with ease and accu- 
racy, either the full depositions of important witnesses, or the 
facts, proofs, evidences, and arguments of legal opponents, 
and thus be in a position, not only to meet them with readi- 
ness and strength, but eventually to thoroughly overthrow 
and refute them. 

3. The student in the halls of science can transcribe with 
faithfulness, and preserve in the smallest compass, the valu- 
able lessons of professors, and thus preserve, for the medita- 
tion of his leisure hours, a connected ichole, instead of broken, 
detached, and uncertain fragments, that often serve to con- 
fuse, bewilder, or perplex. 

4. Merchants, and clerks of mercantile houses, to whom 
thne and space are really a desideratum, will find Phonography 
a most invaluable auxiliary; as the ease with which it can 



(") 



> »Ti>tf»Mm i ii> 



LtU***tA* *** ******************* A**** <T. *^fl*rflfb«»** * * A *■*! * **.* 

ADVANTAGES OF PHONOGRAPHY. vii ! 

be learned and acquired, and the facility and readiness with | 
which it can be written and read, will enable them to tran- 
scribe their accounts, to note their memoranda, to post up 
their bills, and even to conduct their correspondence, in less 
than one-fifth of the ordinary time, and in a considerable re- 
duction of the ordinary space; and as " time is money" it 
presents to them indeed a most invaluable gain. 

5. To the author, editor, or general writer — to the orator, 
legislator, or minister — how invaluable must it be, when they 
reflect how many of their most brilliant thoughts and most 
glowing conceptions, how many of the most sparkling gems 
of their imaginations and the most radiant pearls of their 
thoughts, that in moments of genius and enthusiasm flash 
like electric sparks from the mind, are forever lost for the 
want of some Daguerrean process, like the one we present, 
to catch and transfix them on the wing, recording them on 
the glowing page in all the freshness, vigor, and brilliancy of 
their first conception, as rapidly as they are presented to the 
mind! and for the lack of which, alas! like the dazzling flash 
of the evanescent meteor, they fade and expire as rapidly as 
they are kindled, and leave but the indistinct memory of their 
trace behind. 

6. A practical acquaintance with this art is highly favor- 
able to the improvement of the mind, invigorating all its fac- 
ulties, and drawing forth all its resources. The close atten- 
tion, requisite in following the voice of the speaker (in report- 
ing) induces habits of patience, perseverance and watchful- 
ness, which will gradually extend, till they form habits that 
will be found useful through life. The close attention to the 
words and thoughts of the speaker which is necessary in 
writing them down, will naturally have a tendency to endue 
the mind with quickness of apprehension and distinctness of 
perception, whereby the judgment will be strengthened and 
the taste refined. 

7. The memory is also improved by the practice of Pho- 
nography. The necessity for the writer to retain in his 



i*fc***lS**»*tl»»*«*A*AA****» 



t*iSttti 



«JHtlHl«*i 



Till 



ADVANTAGES OF PHONOGRAPHY 



. mind the last sentence of the- speaker, while he is attending 
at the same time to what follows, and also to penning down 
his words, must be highly beneficial to that faculty, which is 
more than any other improved by exercise. It draws out 
and improves all the faculties of the mind. 

"Phonography," says Messrs. Fowlers &. Wells, "we re- 
gard as one of the most important inventions of the age, and 
one which should be open to every person desirous of being 
considered educated. As a system of reporting, general cor- 
respondence, and memoranda, it is unparalleled in usefulness. 
In chirography, it is what the telegraphs are in agencies for 
transmitting thought. We employ three reporters, one in 
our office and two who travel with lecturers from our house. 
In ten minutes we can dictate an article for publication which 
we could not compose and write in two hours; besides it con- 
tains more spirit and freshness than if labored through at the 
slow pace of ordinary composition. Every scholar should by 
all means learn it." 

Professor Hart, Principal of the Philadelphia High School, 
says: " Phonography has been introduced into this institu- 
tion two years and a half, and has been learned by about 
four hundred. Two hundred are studying it now. It is one 
of the regular branches of the course, being attended to three 
times a week during the whole of the first year. Had I not 
supposed it to be of much practical value, I should not have 
urged its introduction, a measure which I have seen no occa- 
sion to regret. Such of ourstudenls as have made Phono- 
graphic Reporting a profession, have got along in life faster, 
( by all odds, than those in any other kind of business, and 
that without the possession of any special brilliancy of tal- 
ents. Some of them, not yet turned twenty, are now mak- 
ing more money by Phonographic Reporting than the Princi- 
pal of the High School, after having given himself for more 
than twenty years to his profession." 

Said the Hon, Thomas Benton: " Had this art been known 
forty years ago, it would have saved me twenty years of 
hard labor." 

" It is my humble opinion that it will eventually supersede 
the present system of writing, as the steam carriage train 
supersedes the old eight inch wheeled wagon." — Rev. Dunbar. 

Such are the tendencies of the art this book is designed to 
unfold. 



m « 9 » > 



•*^**rr^i^^^^^i**r*r^^*^^**** 



^jjotutu fJubluatt0ii«. 

Published and Sold by Longley Brothers, Cincinnati) 0* 

TELE SPELLING REFORM— Instituted to make universal education possi- 
ble, by rendering the arts of Reading and Writing pleasant and easy to acquire. 
Phonotypy is a rational system of spelling words as they are pronounced, 
by employing an enlarged alphabet containing a separate letter for each sound, 
by which means the drudgery of learning to spoil is entirely dispensed with, 
and learning to read is accomplished in one-fourth of the time required in the 
old way. Phonography is a truly philosophical method of writing the 
English Language, by an alphabet composed of the simplest geometrical signs, 
which accurately represent the sounds of spoken words. It may be written 
six times as fast as ordinary longhand, and is equally legible, and such is the 
simplicity of the art that its principles may be easily mastered even without the 
aid «f a teacher. 



The first price is that charged at the counter: the second include* the 
prepayment of postage; a liberal reduction by tlie quantity. 



Phonotypic Works. 

Chart of the Phonotypic Alphabet, on a sheet 28 

by 42 inches, with a Key, 25 — 25 

The same, 36 by 50, with explanatory matter, and remarks on the 

acquisition of Good Reading, 50 — 54 

The same, on canvas and roller, 1,50 

Phonetic Primer, each letter illustrated with a 

letter suggestive of its sound, 5 — S 

First Phonetic Reader, containing simple and in- 
teresting reading lessons, 20 — 25 
With these books teacliers and parents can commence a course of 
Phonetic initructif/n-, in all confidence that other bofA'S will follow 
as fast as they may be wanted. 

The Transition Reader, or a Course of Inductive 

Romanic Reading Lessons. For the use of Phonetic Readers in 
learning to read Romanically, 20 —25 " 

Biographies of the Presidents, with their Portraits. 

In "paper covers, SO— $5 ; in cloth, gilt lettering, 40 — 43 

New Testament, 12mo. edition, according to the 

authorized version. In cloth, 75 — 90; dark sheop, 85 — 1,00; morocco, 

gilt, $1,25-1,40 

Money-Getting and Money-Spending; a Prize Es- 

say of twenty-rfour chapters ; a serious and reformatory work. In 
paper, 25— 30; cloth, 40— 4S 

Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language; 

a complete work of 800 octavo page3, embracing also lists of Classi- 
cal, Geographical and Scriptural Names. $3,50—4,00 

Pronouncing Medical Lexicon, the definitions in 

the common spelling. An invaluable companion to Medical Students, 
readers of physiological and hygienic works. Cloth, 75 — 85; sheep, 85— 1,00 

Phonetic Almanac, and Register of the Spelling 

and Writing Reform, together with a list of tfeo American Phonetic 
ffoclel^for the years 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855 and 1856. It 



LONGLEY BROTHERS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 

_, » 

Phonetic Longhand Writer ; exhibiting various 

styles of Penmanship. 10— -J.1 

Longhand Alphabet, in slips, to be used as a key 

by enclosing in letters written in phonetic longhand. Per dozen, 6 — 7 

School Credit Tickets. — A handsome and useful 

form of Credit Tickets, in Phonetic dress. The Ticket is adapted for 
Primary and District Schools. Per hundred, 40 

Type of the Times; a journal of the Writing and 

Spelling Reform. Printed in the new orthography. Semi-monthly. 

Per year, in adrance, $1,00 

The Youth's Friend; an elegant monthly paper, 

devoted to the improvement of the young. Embellished with Por- 
traits and Historical Illustrations, partly in the phonetic orthography. 
60 cents a year ; three copies, $1,00 ; ton copies, $3,00 ; twenty copies, $5,00 

Phonographic Works. 

First Lesson in Phonography ; Containing the Al- 
phabet and a simple reading lesson. Useful for lecturers to distribute 
in an audience, &c. 1 ct. Per hundred, 50—60 

American Manual of Phonography ; being a com- 
plete exposition of Phonetic Shorthand, especially arranged so as to 
give the fullest instruction to those who have not the assistance of the 
oral teacher. In paper, 40 — 42 ; cloth, 50 — 60 

|^" This instruction book is just published, and differs from any other 
work of the kind in this important particular: It thoroughly explains 
the Phonotypic or new printing alphabet, and its exercises for writ- 
ing are printed plbonetically, which enables the pupil to pi'ogress more 
correctly and rapidly than if printed in the ordinary orthography. 

BENN PITMAN'S PHONOGRAPHIC PUBLICATIONS. 

Manual of Phonography, 50 — 57, extra cloth, 60 — 67 
Phonographic Reader, engraved exercises, 25 

Cruise of the Tomtit; Second Reader, ditto, 25 

Manners Book, corresponding style, do. 75 — 81 

Teacher, a Treatise on Lecturing and Teaching 

Phonography, 1,00— 1,07 

Copy Slips, a series of Phonographic exercises, 10 — 11 
Phonographer's Song, richly illustrated, 25 — 27 

Phon. Mag., for 1854, '55, '56, per vol, 1,25—1,36 

Phonographic Chart, in colors, 75 — 1,00 

Reporter's Companion; the adaptation of Phon. 

to verbatim reporting, 75 — 81, cloth, 1,00 — 1,07 

History of Shorthand, reporting style, 75 — 81 

Manners Book, in easy reporting, 75 — 81 

Phon. Reporter for 1854, *o5, '56, per vol, 1^5—1,86 



LONGLEY BROTHERS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 



Miscellaneous Publications. 

Pronouncing Vocabulary of Geographical - and 

Personal Names. The Geographical list embraces all the names worthy 
of note in the known world, accompanied with such Descriptive and 
- Statistical Facts as are usual in Gazetteers. The Personal Names com- 
prise those of the most celebrated men of Ancient and Modern Times, 
down to the present day, which are likely to be met with in general 
reading. Appended to each name are such Biographical Facts as are 
necessary in a Book of Reference. To which is added a Complete List 
of Scriptural Names. Concluding with Tables which show at a glance 
the Population of the several States, the meeting of their Legislatures, 
the Succession of the Presidents, and a List of all the Colleges and 
Professional Schools in the United States. By Elias Longley. 210 pp. 
In boards, 40—50; cloth, 50—60 

Earth and Man; being a Vindication of Man's 

relations to the Soil. By L. A. Hine, 224 pp. 50 — 56 

Science and Man; being a Vindication of Man's 

Educational relations. By L. A. Hine. 208 pp. 50 — 56 

Currie Cummings; or, Love's Labor not Lost. 

A singularly interesting Reform Story. By L. A. Hine. 96 pp., 25 — 30 

The Practical Cook-Book, containing recipes and 

directions for plain and superior Cookery on Hygienic principles. By 
Mrs. Sylvia Campbell. A valuable kitchen companion. In paper, 
25—27, cloth, 40-^7 

Parents and Teachers' Guide, in the Physical, In- 
tellectual, and Moral Education of Children. By Charles Morley. —15 
Young Folks' American Troubadour; a Collection 

of Glees, Quartets, Trios, Duets, and Songs, with Piano accompani- 
ments, comprising many of the most popular pieces of the day. —10 

Intemperance; or the use of Intoxicating Liquors, 

Chemically, Physiologically, and Statistically Considered. By Dr. J. 

G. Buckly, 9 —15 

Philosophy of Health, Disease and Cure : Reasons 

for not using Drugs, and an explanation of the different kinds of Baths 
used in Water-Treatment. By Dr. J. G. Buckly, —15 

Children's Illustrated Toy-Books. 

The Hobby-Horse. The song of a happy boy, 

about his Hobby -Horse; each verse illustrated with a beautiful picture. 
In plain print, 5c; per doz. 40. In various colors, 8c; per doz. 50c. 

Harry O'Hum and his big round Drum. The ad- 
ventures of a little fellow who had a Drum given him for his amuse- 
ment. Illustrated as the above. In plain print, 8c; per doz. 50c; 
in various colors, 10c, per doz. 75c 

The Little Big Man. The story of a Discontented 

Boy, who, trying to improve his condition, made the matter worse, and 
learned a useful lesson. Illustrated az the others. In plain print, 10c, 
per doz. 75cts. In various colors, 15c, per doz. $1,00. 

The Young Hero ; or, Money never makes the 

Man. By Mabel. A capital story for Boy3. 160 pages, with a graphic 
frontispiece. Prioe, retail, in paper oovers, 20 cts.; cloth, 25 — 30 



